Investigation of ion transfer across the membrane-stabilized interface of two immiscible electrolyte solutions

Standard Gibbs energies of transfer of halogenate and pseudohalogenate ions, halogen substituted acetates, and cycloalkyl carboxylate anions at the water|nitrobenzene interface

“…They are often correlated with biological and pharmacological activity, such as adsorption, cell membrane permeability and hydrophobic binding. 4,5 Although large and significant progress has been achieved in the last decade, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] standard Gibbs energies of transfer of many common inorganic ions are still not available. 6 One reason for this situation are the limitations of the four-electrode technique.…”

“…they are more reliable. 2,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The electrochemical technique introduced by one of us 24 and successfully applied to a number of systems [25][26][27][28][29] explores a so called '' three-phase electrode '' and conventional threeelectrode instrumentation. With this technique standard Gibbs energies for the water/nitrobenzene system can be determined in the range from À41 to +37 kJ mol À1 , 28 without coupling of solution equilibria.…”

Modifying the liquid/liquid interface: pores, particles and deposition

“…In particular, the cellulose membranes employed in these studies swell on contact with aqueous solutions, and their irregular pore size and pore distribution made interpretation of the data in terms of established mass-transport models difficult. 43,44 Gellifaction of one of the liquid phases was used to stabilise the interface, though again, initial hydrodynamic studies were largely qualitative. 47 Girault and co-workers pursued an alternative approach, fabricating an array of micro-interfaces by laser ablation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films, consisting of ca.…”

Peer Reviewed: Charge Transfer Reactions at the Liquid/Liquid Interface.

“…Another approach to stabilizing the liquid/liquid interface is to insert a thin, porous, hydrophilic or hydrophobic membrane between the two phases (17 ). Such a membrane-stabilized ITIES was used as an amperometric sensor for the flow-injection analysis (FIA) of alkali metal ions, halides, and other anions (17)(18)(19). A successful, simultaneous determination of K + and Na + in blood serum suggests promising applications of this approach for clinical analysis (18).…”

“…Such a membrane-stabilized ITIES was used as an amperometric sensor for the flow-injection analysis (FIA) of alkali metal ions, halides, and other anions (17)(18)(19). A successful, simultaneous determination of K + and Na + in blood serum suggests promising applications of this approach for clinical analysis (18). The ITIES can be used to detect ionic solutes in FIA, HPLC, and CE.…”