Investigation of iron oxide reduction by ethanol as a potential route to produce hydrogen

The continuous conversion of ethanol and water mixtures into hydrogen over FexOy/MoO3 catalytic system—XPS and Mössbauer studies

“…Moreover, the reactions between the products originating from mentioned processes may be possible [6,8]. As was described previously [9,15], among the catalytic systems used for the production of hydrogen from ethanol, the redox cycle involving iron oxides and metallic iron have a high potential. In the first step, ethanol reduces iron oxide (e.g.…”

“…The hydrogen is mostly extracted from natural gas, coal and liquid hydrocarbons but production using the catalytic steam reforming of ethanol (1) is being intensively investigated [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Steam reforming does not require oxygen, has lower operating temperature and therefore it is preferred in the industry [10].…”

“…From an economical point of view, steam reforming or thermal decomposition of bio-ethanol seems to be the optimal choice because of its low-toxicity, easy and low-cost production from renewable resources, and relatively high content of hydrogen. Due to the potential of both processes, (1) and (2), a wide range of the catalysts including solid oxides, transition and noble metals, and mixed metal-oxide systems have been studied recently [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Depending on the nature of the catalyst many reactions can occur simultaneously, other than those mentioned above: ethanol dehydrogenolysis, dehydration, dehydrogenation or acetone formation.…”

Steam reforming of ethanol over Co3O4–Fe2O3 mixed oxides

“…However, both CoO and Co 0 have been reported to co-exist in active ethanol steam reforming catalysts for both unsupported [16,17] and supported Co 3 O 4 catalysts [30] with ease of exchange between metallic and oxidised cobalt suggested to be key for the activity. Following reduction at 400 C, Fe would be present as Fe 2 O 3 (possibly some Fe 3 O 4 ); however, under the feed conditions, further reduction of Fe (and Co) could occur [31].…”

The carbon deposits formed by reaction of a series of red mud samples with methanol

“…20 The resultant carbon materials can be used as functional materials, such as for treatment of metal-contaminated water, 21 whilst the co-product of hydrogen formed in the cracking of hydrocarbons can be used as fuel. 22 In this study we demonstrate that using methanol as carbon resource can be used to obtain graphitic carbon and carbon nanofibers in presence of a series of red mud wastes, including high iron content red mud and low iron content red muds, and red muds from both the Bayer Process and from the Sintering Alumina Processes.…”