Investigation of large-scale propagation for outdoor-parking lot environment for 5G wireless communications

Hindia, Mohammad Nour; Al-Samman, Ahmed M.; Rahman, Tharek bin Abd

doi:10.1109/istt.2016.7918077

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It can predict whether the path loss prediction model should be based on theoretical (deterministic), empirical (statistical), or a combination of both methods [65]. However, the ideal channel prediction can be achieved when the path loss model is designed from real-time practical measurements [66]. It differs for varying communication systems, while radio channels can be modelled in a statistical fashion.…”

Section: Large-scale Path Loss Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor Environment

et al. 2019

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The advent of fifth-generation (5G) systems and their mechanics have introduced an unconventional frequency spectrum of high bandwidth with most falling under the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum. The benefit of adopting these bands of the frequency spectrum is two-fold. First, most of these bands appear to be unutilized and they are free, thus suggesting the absence of interference from other technologies. Second, the availability of a larger bandwidth offers higher data rates for all users, as there are higher numbers of users who are connected in a small geographical area, which is also stated as the Internet of Things (IoT). Nevertheless, high-frequency band poses several challenges in terms of coverage area limitations, signal attenuation, path and penetration losses, as well as scattering. Additionally, mmWave signal bands are susceptible to blockage from buildings and other structures, particularly in higher-density urban areas. Identifying the channel performance at a given frequency is indeed necessary to optimize communication efficiency between the transmitter and receiver. Therefore, this paper investigated the potential ability of mmWave path loss models, such as floating intercept (FI) and close-in (CI), based on real measurements gathered from urban microcell outdoor environments at 38 GHz conducted at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Kuala Lumpur campus. The measurement data were obtained by using a narrow band mmWave channel sounder equipped with a steerable direction horn antenna. It investigated the potential of the network for outdoor scenarios of line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) with both schemes of co-(vertical-vertical) and cross (vertical-horizontal) polarization. The parameters were selected to reflect the performance and the variances with other schemes, such as average users cell throughput, throughput of users that are at cell-edges, fairness index, and spectral efficiency. The outcomes were examined for various antenna configurations as well as at different channel bandwidths to prove the enhancement of overall network performance. This work showed that the CI path loss model predicted greater network performance for the LOS condition, and also estimated significant outcomes for the NLOS environment. The outputs proved that the FI path loss model, particularly for V-V antenna polarization, gave system simulation results that were unsuitable for the NLOS scenario. IntroductionIn a 5G communication network, mobile operators are forced to use a high-frequency spectrum due to the limited amount of channel bandwidth. The 5G boosts the overall performance and enhances user experience offered by the present generation mobile technologies. Some of the most hyped features include higher data-rates, lower end-to-end delays, and minimal energy consumption [1]. In order to meet a common goal, several technologies need to be implemented in a fashion that allows the smooth operation of the overall network as a singular body. Nevertheless, vast technologies and communication...

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Section: Large-scale Path Loss Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor Environment

et al. 2019

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“…In [190], the authors have demonstrated a 26 GHz mmWave propagation measurement model for outdoor parking spaces in areas, such as Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The research is conducted by implementing a technique of Close-In Free Space (CI) and Floating Intercept (FI) path loss models.…”

Section: Outdoor Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues, Challenges, and Research Trends in Spectrum Management: A Comprehensive Overview and New Vision for Designing 6G Networks

et al. 2020

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With an extensive growth in user demand for high throughput, large capacity, and low latency, the ongoing deployment of Fifth-Generation (5G) systems is continuously exposing the inherent limitations of the system, as compared with its original premises. Such limitations are encouraging researchers worldwide to focus on next-generation 6G wireless systems, which are expected to address the constraints. To meet the above demands, future radio network architecture should be effectively designed to utilize its maximum radio spectrum capacity. It must simultaneously utilize various new techniques and technologies, such as Carrier Aggregation (CA), Cognitive Radio (CR), and small cell-based Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet), high-spectrum access (mmWave), and Massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (M-MIMO), to achieve the desired results. However, the concurrent operations of these techniques in current 5G cellular networks create several spectrum management issues; thus, a comprehensive overview of these emerging technologies is presented in detail in this study. Then, the problems involved in the concurrent operations of various technologies for the spectrum management of the current 5G network are highlighted. The study aims to provide a detailed review of cooperative communication among all the techniques and potential problems associated with the spectrum management that has been addressed with the possible solutions proposed by the latest researches. Future research challenges are also discussed to highlight the necessary steps that can help achieve the desired objectives for designing 6G wireless networks.

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“…In the inverse power-law path loss models, the impacts of the environment (outdoor, indoor, rural, urban, suburban, etc.) on the path loss is reflected by the value of the PLE [36][37][38][39]. The path loss models of interest are defined as follows.…”

Section: Propagation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the Number of Fog Nodes for Finite Fog Radio Access Networks under Multi-Slope Path Loss Model

et al. 2020

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Fog Radio Access Network (F-RAN) is a promising technology to address the bandwidth bottlenecks and network latency problems, by providing cloud-like services to the end nodes (ENs) at the edge of the network. The network latency can further be decreased by minimizing the transmission delay, which can be achieved by optimizing the number of Fog Nodes (FNs). In this context, we propose a stochastic geometry model to optimize the number of FNs in a finite F-RAN by exploiting the multi-slope path loss model (MS-PLM), which can more precisely characterize the path loss dependency on the propagation environment. The proposed approach shows that the optimum probability of being a FN is determined by the real root of a polynomial equation of a degree determined by the far-field path loss exponent (PLE) of the MS-PLM. The results analyze the impact of the path loss parameters and the number of deployed nodes on the optimum number of FNs. The results show that the optimum number of FNs is less than 7% of the total number of deployed nodes for all the considered scenarios. It also shows that optimizing the number of FNs achieves a significant reduction in the average transmission delay over the unoptimized scenarios.

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Investigation of large-scale propagation for outdoor-parking lot environment for 5G wireless communications

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor Environment

Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor Environment

Issues, Challenges, and Research Trends in Spectrum Management: A Comprehensive Overview and New Vision for Designing 6G Networks

Optimizing the Number of Fog Nodes for Finite Fog Radio Access Networks under Multi-Slope Path Loss Model

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