Investigation of Leaching Kinetics of Copper from Malachite Ore in Ammonium Nitrate Solutions

Ekmekyapar, Ahmet; Aktaş, Evrim; Künkül, Asım; Demirkıran, Nizamettin

doi:10.1007/s11663-012-9670-2

Cited by 78 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Researches on leaching behavior and kinetics of copper oxide ores have been extensively conducted by different lixiviants including mineral acids such as HCl, H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 [7,[9][10][11]; organic acids such as citric acid and lactic acid [11][12][13]; chlorine [14], ammonium hydroxide or ammonium salts including ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium citrate and ammonium acetate, etc. (2,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) and alkaline glycine solutions [25].…”

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confidence: 99%

A comprehensive study of the leaching behavior and dissolution kinetics of copper oxide ore in sulfuric acid lixiviant

2018

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The leaching behavior of an Iranian copper oxide ore in sulphuric acid was investigated in detail to evaluate the influence of various factors, to optimize the dissolution conditions and to determine the kinetics of the leaching. The results indicated that the increase in the leaching time and temperature enhanced the leaching rate of copper. The leaching rate increased up to a certain value with increasing the agitation rate, acid concentration and liquid/solid ratio and with further increment reduced. Agitaion rate had the most influence on the dissolution of copper. The 3D response surface graphs confirmed the interactive effects of sulphuric acid concentration, agitation speed, and liquid/solid ratio with temperature. About 91% copper content was leached at~13% sulphuric acid concentration, stirring rate of 600 rpm, liquid/solid ratio of 10 mL/g and 50 °C after 80 min leaching. The dissolution kinetics was examined according to heterogeneous models. The shrinking core model assuming rate control by diffusion through the product layer was found appropriate to describe the dissolution of copper in sulphuric acid solution. The activation energy was obtained to be 26.699 kJ/mol and equation representing the leaching kinetics of copper based on diffusioncontrolled model was found to be 1-3(1-x) 2/3 +2(1-x) = 161.97×exp(-26.699×10 3 /8.314×T)×t.

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confidence: 99%

A comprehensive study of the leaching behavior and dissolution kinetics of copper oxide ore in sulfuric acid lixiviant

2018

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“…To investigate the utilization of the carbon source and effect of carbon source concentration on strain growth, different concentrations (5,10,15,20, 25 g/L) of sodium citrate, glucose and carbonate were added into the urea medium, respectively. The strain at the logarithmic phase was inoculated into the urea medium with the inoculation size of 20% (v/v), and then incubated at 30˝C and 180 rpm in a rotary shaker.…”

Section: Effect Of Carbon Source On Strain Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To obtain the optimal urea concentration, experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of different urea concentrations (5,10,15,20,25, 30 g/L) on strain growth and ammonia production, with the experiment condition mentioned above. The growth of strain under different urea concentration was observed; the concentration of ammonia in solution was measured by DX-120 ion chromatograph (Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA).…”

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Source On Strain Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, due to the depletion of copper sulfides, low-grade copper ores with high contents of oxide ore and carbonate gangue gradually account for a high proportion in the copper extraction industry [6]. However, bioleaching in the acid condition becomes ineffective and uneconomical for these copper oxide ores due to the limited energy source in oxide ores for autotrophic bacteria [7], excessive acid consumption [8,9] and undesired impurity dissolution which causes some problems in the further processing of the leaching solution [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Heterotrophic Strain for Bioleaching of Low Grade Complex Copper Ore

Wang

et al. 2016

Minerals

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Abstract:A new heterotrophic strain, named Providencia sp. JAT-1, was isolated and used in bioleaching of low-grade complex copper ore. The strain uses sodium citrate as a carbon source and urea as a nitrogen source to produce ammonia. The optimal growth condition of the strain is 30˝C, initial pH 8, sodium citrate 10 g/L and urea 20 g/L, under which the cell density and ammonia concentration in the medium reached a maximum of 4.83ˆ10 8 cells/mL and 14 g/L, respectively. Ammonia produced by the strain is used as the main lixiviant in bioleaching. Bioleaching results revealed that higher strain growth led to a higher copper recovery, while higher pulp density will cause a greater inhibitory effect on strain growth and ammonia production. The copper extraction reached the highest value of 54.5% at the pulp density of 1%. Malachite, chrysocolla and chalcocite are easy to leach out in this bioleaching system while chalcopyrite is difficult. Results of comparative leaching experiments show that bioleaching using JAT-1 is superior to ammonia leaching at the same condition. The metabolites produced by the strain other than ammonia are also involved in bioleaching.

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“…Özellikle demir iyonlarını içermeyen daha temiz liç çözeltileri elde etmek amacıyla amonyak [11], amonyum karbonat [12], amonyum klorür [13,14], amonyum sülfat [15], amonyum nitrat [16] ve amonyum asetat [17] …”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Malahit Cevherinin Perklorik Asit Çözeltilerindeki Çözünürlüğünün İncelenmesi

Demirkıran¹

2017

Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi

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ÖzHidrometalurji sulu çözeltilerde kimyasal reaksiyonlar vasıtasıyla metal, metal tuzları ve bileşiklerinin üretimini kapsar. Oksitli bakır cevherlerindeki bakır, hidrometalurjik yöntemler yardımıyla kazanılabilir. Sözü edilen metodun ilk aşaması katı-sıvı kütle transferini içeren liç prosesidir. Bu proseste katı cevher uygun bir çözücü ile çözündürülür ve metal değerler çözelti ortamına transfer edilir. Mevcut çalışmada, oksitli bir bakır cevheri olan malahitin sulu perklorik asit çözeltilerindeki çözünürlüğü incelenmiştir. Malahit cevherindeki bakır, çinko ve demirin çözünme davranışı belirlenmiştir. Cevherdeki bakırın çözünürlüğü üzerine asit derişimi, reaksiyon sıcaklığı, ortalama katı tanecik boyutu, katı/sıvı oranı ve karıştırma hızının etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bütün deneysel parametrelerin bakırın çözünmesi üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip oldukları gözlenmiştir. Asit derişimi, reaksiyon sıcaklığı ve karıştırma hızının artmasıyla, katı/sıvı oranı ve katı tanecik boyutunun ise azalmasıyla cevherdeki bakır liçinin arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Cevherdeki demirin çözünürlüğünün asit derişiminden oldukça etkilendiği gözlenmiştir. Reaksiyon koşullarının kontrol edilmesiyle çözelti ortamına geçen bakır miktarının yüksek, demir miktarının ise düşük seviyelerde tutulabileceği belirlenmiştir. Liç prosesi ile ilgili kinetik analiz yapılmış ve reaksiyon hızının karışık kinetik kontrollü modele uyduğu belirlenmiştir. Liç prosesinin aktivasyon enerjisi 30,94 kJ/mol olarak hesaplanmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Malahit, Bakır, Liç, Perklorik asit Investigation of Dissolution of Malachite Ore in Perchloric Acid Solutions AbstractHydrometallurgy contains the production of metal, metal salts, and their compounds by means of chemical reactions in aqueous solutions. Copper in the oxidized copper ores can be recovered by hydrometallurgical methods. First step of the mentioned method is the leaching process involving a solid to liquid mass transfer. In this process, solid ore is dissolved by an appropriate solvent, and metal values are transferred into solution medium. In the present study, it was examined dissolution of malachite, which is an oxidized copper ore, in aqueous perchloric acid solutions. The dissolution behavior of copper, zinc, and iron in the malachite ore was determined. The effects of acid concentration, reaction temperature, average particle size of solid, solid-to-liquid ratio, and stirring speed on dissolution of * Sorumlu yazar (Corresponding author): Nizamettin DEMİRKIRAN, nizamettin.demirkiran@inonu.edu.tr

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Investigation of Leaching Kinetics of Copper from Malachite Ore in Ammonium Nitrate Solutions

Cited by 78 publications

References 20 publications

A comprehensive study of the leaching behavior and dissolution kinetics of copper oxide ore in sulfuric acid lixiviant

A comprehensive study of the leaching behavior and dissolution kinetics of copper oxide ore in sulfuric acid lixiviant

A New Heterotrophic Strain for Bioleaching of Low Grade Complex Copper Ore

Malahit Cevherinin Perklorik Asit Çözeltilerindeki Çözünürlüğünün İncelenmesi

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