Investigation of Lithium Application and Effect of Organic Matter on Soil Health

Hayyat, Muhammad Umar; Nawaz, Rab; Siddiq, Zafar; Shakoor, Muhammad Bilal; Mushtaq, Maira; Ahmad, Sajid Rashid; Ali, Shafaqat; Hussain, Afzal; Irshad, Muhammad; Alsahli, Abdulaziz Abdullah; Alyemeni, Mohammed Nasser

doi:10.3390/su13041705

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A preliminary study was conducted to determine the EC 50 value, based on the dose ranges known to inhibit growth in various plants in the literature 13 . The EC 50 value was investigated in dose ranges of 0–120 mg/L and was determined as 50 mg/L.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-dependent toxicity profile and genotoxicity mechanism of lithium carbonate

Kuloğlu

Yalçın

Çavuşoğlu

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The increasing widespread use of lithium, which is preferred as an energy source in batteries produced for electric vehicles and in many electronic vehicles such as computers and mobile phones, has made it an important environmental pollutant. In this study, the toxicity profile of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) was investigated with the Allium test, which is a bio-indicator test. Dose-related toxic effects were investigated using Li2CO3 at doses of 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, and 100 mg/L. The toxicity profile was determined by examining physiological, cytotoxic, genotoxic, biochemical and anatomical effects. Physiological effects of Li2CO3 were determined by root length, injury rate, germination percentage and weight gain while cytotoxic effects were determined by mitotic index (MI) ratio and genotoxic effects were determined by micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs). The effect of Li2CO3 on antioxidant and oxidant dynamics was determined by examining glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and anatomical changes were investigated in the sections of root meristematic tissues. As a result, Li2CO3 exhibited a dose-dependent regression in germination-related parameters. This regression is directly related to the MI and 100 mg/L Li2CO3 reduced MI by 38% compared to the control group. MN and CAs were observed at high rates in the groups treated with Li2CO3. Fragments were found with the highest rate among CAs. Other damages were bridge, unequal distribution of chromatin, sticky chromosome, vagrant chromosome, irregular mitosis, reverse polarization and multipolar anaphase. The genotoxic effects were associated with Li2CO3-DNA interactions determined by molecular docking. The toxic effects of Li2CO3 are directly related to the deterioration of the antioxidant/oxidant balance in the cells. While MDA, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, increased by 59.1% in the group administered 100 mg/L Li2CO3, GSH, which has an important role in cell defense, decreased by 60.8%. Significant changes were also detected in the activities of SOD and CAT, two important enzymes in antioxidant defense, compared to the control. These toxic effects, which developed in the cells belonging to the lithium-treated groups, were also reflected in the tissue anatomy, and anatomical changes such as epidermis cell damage, cortex cell damage, flattened cell nucleus, thickening of the cortex cell wall and unclear vascular tissue were observed in the anatomical sections. The frequency of these changes also increased depending on the Li2CO3 dose. As a result, Li2CO3, which is one of the lithium compounds, and has become an important contaminant in the environment with increasing technological developments, caused a combined and versatile toxicity in Allium cepa L. meristematic cells, especially by causing deterioration in antioxidant/oxidant dynamics.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-dependent toxicity profile and genotoxicity mechanism of lithium carbonate

Kuloğlu

Yalçın

Çavuşoğlu

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The mean Li content in magmatic rocks (0.5-40 ppm) is lower than in sedimentary rocks (5-75 ppm) (Kabata-Pendias & Pendias, 2000). The presence of Li is detected in primary and sedimentary mountains, marbles, granites, syenties, gneisses and calcareous rocks (Steinkoenig, 1915;Hayyat et al, 2021). The average concentrations in shale and granitic rocks are 5 to 10 times higher than in carbonate-based rocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Lithium in the Environment and its Effects on Higher Plants

Kastori

Maksimović

Putnik-Delić

2022

Contemporary Agriculture

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Summary Lithium (Li) is present in low concentrations in all parts of the biosphere, including living organisms. It reaches the terrestrial environment primarily through natural processes to which parent substrate was subjected during pedogenesis, and due to anthropogenic activities. Individual soil types differ regarding Li content; for example saline and loamy soils have higher Li content. It is found in low concentrations primarily in ionic form in aquatic environments in surface and groundwater. It is mobile in the soil and thus soil contamination with Li can lead to its higher concentration in groundwater. In the environment, Li reaches the atmosphere from Li-emitting sources. It is widely used in many industries, lately in the Li-ion batteries in electronic goods, due to which it may be a potential risk for the environment. Terrestrial plants take up Li largely via roots from the soil, but also via shoots from the atmosphere. In the soil, Li is mostly bound by clay fraction and organic matter. During the uptake, transport and distribution in plants it behaves like an alkaline earth ion, not like an alkali ion. The fact that Li is immobile in the phloem supports this claim. Its ascendent transport mainly depends upon the transpiration intensity. More Li is taken up by plants from acid soils than from alkaline soils. Li is non-essential for plant growth and development. In low concentrations it can be stimulative and affect chemical composition and organic production of plants. Li plays an important role in the metabolism of halophyte species. It is increasingly regarded as an essential trace element for animals and humans, and used in human medication to treat dementia, suicidal ideation, aggression and violence. High levels of Li are toxic to all plants, but uptake and sensitivity to Li are species-dependent. Some representatives of the Ranunculaceae, Solanaceae and Asteraceae families are characterized by increased Li accumulation, while Poaceae, Liliaceae, Brassicaceae, Caprifoliaceae show low accumulation. High concentrations of Li have adverse effects on many physiological and biochemical processes in plants (DNA, RNA and protein pathways, water relations, content of photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, production of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation of the cell membranes etc.), which is further manifested as stunted growth, developmental disorder, visual symptoms, interveinal necrosis and necrosis along the leaf margins. Hyperaccumulator plants extract significant amounts of Li and are therefore used in phytoremediation. Better understanding of the effects of beneficial and phytotoxic concentrations of Li on metabolism and plant growth and development remains vital for the improvement of the knowledge about biological activity of Li in higher plants.

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“…The Li bioavailability, uptake, and accumulation could be influenced by several factors related to soil (pH, moisture, metal content, etc.) [ 29 ]. Various metals at higher concentrations can cause serious health disorder in plants due to their nonbiodegradability, high bioaccumulation rate, and biotoxicity effects [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Li was reported previously by several studies to enhance plant productivity, yield, early maturation, and resistance to diseases [ 31 , 32 ]. A Li accumulation in soil is the result of ions release from rocks to clay and soil, where it can be fixed into organic matter or mineral oxides [ 29 ]. The plants Li level is directly correlated with the uptake of Fe, Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Al, Pb, or Cd from the soil [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Lithium, Macro- and Microelements in Water, Soil and Plant Samples from Karst Areas in Romania

et al. 2021

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Lithium is a critical element for the modern society due to its uses in various industrial sectors. Despite its unequal distribution in the environment, Li occurrence in Romania was scarcely studied. In this study a versatile measurement method using ICP-MS technique was optimized for the determination of Li from various matrixes. Water, soil, and plant samples were collected from two important karst areas in the Dobrogea and Banat regions, Romania. The Li content was analyzed together with other macro- and microelement contents to find the relationship between the concentration of elements and their effect on the plants’ Li uptake. In Dobrogea region, half of the studied waters had high Li concentration, ranging between 3.00 and 12.2 μg/L in the case of water and between 0.88 and 11.1 mg/kg DW in the case of plants, while the Li content in the soil samples were slightly comparable (from 9.85 to 11.3 mg/kg DW). In the Banat region, the concentration of Li was lower than in Dobrogea (1.40–1.46 μg/L in water, 6.50–9.12 mg/kg DW in soil, and 0.19–0.45 mg/kg DW in plants). Despite the high Li contents in soil, the Li was mostly unavailable for plants uptake and bioaccumulation.

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Investigation of Lithium Application and Effect of Organic Matter on Soil Health

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Dose-dependent toxicity profile and genotoxicity mechanism of lithium carbonate

Dose-dependent toxicity profile and genotoxicity mechanism of lithium carbonate

Lithium in the Environment and its Effects on Higher Plants

Assessment of Lithium, Macro- and Microelements in Water, Soil and Plant Samples from Karst Areas in Romania

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