Investigation of low-cost oligoanthraquinones for alkaline, aqueous rechargeable batteries with cell potential up to 1.13 V

Scalable Synthesis and Characterisation of a Liquid 2,3,5,6-tetraallylbenzene-1,4-diol Quinone

“…The relative change in the ratio between reactant-and product peak areas indicates no significant change after 16 hours. The 1 H-NMR and the corresponding 13 C-NMR spectra of 1 can be found in Supporting Information Section S2.4 together with the ones of hydroquinone and allyl bromide in Section S2.2 and S2.3, respectively.…”

“…7b significant changes are observed in the range 5.5 to 5.0 ppm during the reaction and a change in the ratio between reactant-and product peaks areas indicates all reactions take place within 16 hours. The 1 H-NMR and the corresponding 13 C-NMR spectra of 3 can be found in Supporting Information Section S2. 6 The chemical structure of the synthesized 3, was confirmed by IR and 1 H-NMR spectroscopic analysis.…”

“…The organic redox-active materials compose of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen, 10 and were initially developed to replace cathodes in non-aqueous lithiumion (Li-ion) batteries. 11,12 More recently organic redox-active materials are applied as polymers in aqueous dry-cell batteries [13][14][15][16] and soluble redox species in flow batteries. [17][18][19][20][21][22] The class of quinones has shown promising results as they possess unique features such as high stability, and low-cost commodity chemicals.…”

A Covalent Organic Framework as a Long‐life and High‐Rate Anode Suitable for Both Aqueous Acidic and Alkaline Batteries

“…The GCD curves of each current density were consistent with the CV profiles in Figure S18. Remarkably, the HPP-COF anode shows a competitive capacity at 5-100 A g À 1 among the reported materials in the alkaline Nibased batteries, such as PAQS (163 mAh g À 1 @ 4.5 A g À 1 ), [35] Bi (96.2 mAh g À 1 @ 4.5 A g À 1 ), [36] IEP-11 (122 mAh g À 1 @ 3.3 A g À 1 ), [35] and poly(anthraquinone sulfide) (OAQS) (185 mAh g À 1 @ 0.225 A g À 1 ) [37] (Figure S19). Also, the longterm performance of the anode was evaluated at 30 A g À 1 (Figure S20).…”

Pathways towards high energy aqueous rechargeable batteries

“…With regulation over the composition of the PB analogue, the Ni and Co doped PB composite cathode achieved delivers a high initial capacity of 86 mAh g -1 with a retention of 98 % after 50 cycles[110].The organic compounds are promising electrode candidates due to flexibility in tailoring their structure and they are able to promote multi-electron transfer. So far, polymers such as poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide) (PAQS) oligo(anthraquinonyl sulfide) (OAQS) and oligohexane(anthraquinone sulfide) (OHAQS) have been explored for ARKBs[48,111]. The challenges in the organic electrodes is their high solubility in the aqueous electrolyte.…”