Investigation of magnetite-based invert emulsion mud at high pressure high temperature

Almutawa, Wesam; Ahmed, Ashraf; Basfar, Salem; Elkatatny, Salaheldin; Haidary, Saleh; Zitha, Pacelli L.J.

doi:10.1007/s12517-021-08293-8

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The weighting material is simply a material with high specific gravity, which is used in the drilling fluid or cementing slurry to increase the density. There are several examples of weighting materials including ilmenite, hematite, barite, calcium carbonate, ferromagnetic magnetite, siderite, galena, anhydrous calcium sulfate, and so forth. ,− The criteria for choosing the weighting material include the availability, cost, removal process, compatibility with other components in the drilling fluid, formation type that will be drilled, and so forth. The most common weighting material is barite …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Investigation of Barite-Weighted Water-Based Drilling Fluid Properties

et al. 2023

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Drilling fluid is a critical component in drilling operation due to its various functions. It consists of many elements, and one of the main components is the weighting material which controls the mud density. The weighting material type and concentration have a significant impact on the drilling fluid properties. A common weighting material used in the oil and gas industry is barite. In this work, the impact of barite concentration on water-based drilling fluid was evaluated. The investigated drilling fluid properties are density, pH value, filtration behavior, and rheological parameters. An intense investigation was carried out to evaluate the impact of barite concentration on the filtration and filter cake sealing properties. The density and pH values were measured at room temperature, filtration test was performed at room temperature, and differential pressure was equal to 100 psi. The rheological parameters were determined after hot rolling for 16 h at a temperature of 250 °F. The results showed that both the density and pH value increased linearly with barite dosage. The filtration volume, filter cake thickness, and permeability increased with the incremental increase in barite dosage, and the exponential relationship was the best in describing the relation with barite concentration. However, the filter cake porosity had an inverse proportional relation with barite dosage. In the case of rheological properties, all the investigated properties including the plastic viscosity, yield point, ratio of yield point to plastic viscosity, and gel strength at two different times (i.e., 10 s and 10 min) increased in general as the barite concentration increased.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Investigation of Barite-Weighted Water-Based Drilling Fluid Properties

et al. 2023

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“…To obtain the fluid density required for maintaining the hydrostatic pressure, different solids known as weighting agents are used such as barite, hematite, ilmenite, calcite, magnetite, and Micromax [6][7][8]. Recently, hematite with a specific gravity of 4.9-5.3 is intensively applied as a weighting material presenting substantial enhancement in the rate of penetration (ROP), lower solids content, acid solubility, and low toxicity [7,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Vermiculite for Solving Hematite Sagging in Water-Based Drilling Fluids

2022

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The sagging phenomenon of solids, such as hematite, in drilling fluids is commonly experienced when drilling at elevated temperature conditions presenting operational and well control issues. Thus, we report herein the addition of vermiculite to water-based drilling fluid with the objective of improving fluid stability by hematite sagging mitigation. Different quantities of vermiculite clay (3–6 lb/bbl) were used and the sagging tendency was evaluated for the base and vermiculite-containing drilling fluids under static and dynamic conditions. From the sag measurements, the optimum vermiculite content was determined, and the influence on the key drilling fluid properties was studied by conducting the rheology, viscoelasticity, filtration, density, and alkalinity measurements. To simulate the practical elevated temperature, the tests were performed at temperature up to 250°F. The outcomes of this study revealed that the addition of vermiculite to the base drilling fluid significantly improved fluid stability. The content of 5 lb/bbl vermiculite was sufficient to mitigate the hematite sagging at elevated temperatures and drive the sag tendency factors to safe values. The ability of vermiculite to improve fluid stability was confirmed with the enhancement of rheological and viscoelastic properties, since the recommended vermiculite content resulted in a 24% reduction in plastic viscosity, 9% increment on yield point, and improved storage and loss modulus with better gelling structure. Also, the filtration properties were improved with 5 lb/bbl vermiculite, as the filtrated volume was reduced from 6.2 to 5 cm3 and formulated a preferred filter cake with less weight and thickness. In addition, the small amount of vermiculite did not change the drilling fluid weight, and the pH was slightly dropped but within the practical alkalinity range.

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A review of the various treatments of oil-based drilling fluids filter cakes

Siddig

Mahmoud

Elkatatny

2021

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Treatment of the filter cake layer after drilling is essential for better cement integrity and to retain the original reservoir permeability. Compared to water-based filter cake, oil-based mud filter cake removal is more sophisticated as oil encloses the filter cake’s particles. Therefore, oil-based mud clean-up requires wettability alteration additives (mutual solvents and/or surfactants) for permitting acid/filter cake reaction. With an appropriate acid, microemulsions were reported to be very efficient in cleaning oil-based filter cakes, due to their low interfacial tension and high acid solubility. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the different techniques and treatment solutions utilized in oil-based filter cake clean-up. Furthermore, a synopsis of the various treatments for drilling fluids densified with different weighting materials is presented. Subsequently, the research limitations and opportunities have been highlighted for future work. In the light of the review that has been presented in this paper, it's recommended to conduct further investigation on some areas related to filter cake removal. The removal of filter cake formed from weighting materials other than barite, calcium carbonate, ilmenite, and manganese tetroxide needs to be investigated thoroughly. Additionally, the overall efficiency of oil-based mud removal needs to be studied under wide ranges of temperature, salinity, and pH. The utilization of surfactant-free microemulsions in filter cake treatment could also be investigated.

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Investigation of magnetite-based invert emulsion mud at high pressure high temperature

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Primary Investigation of Barite-Weighted Water-Based Drilling Fluid Properties

Primary Investigation of Barite-Weighted Water-Based Drilling Fluid Properties

Utilization of Vermiculite for Solving Hematite Sagging in Water-Based Drilling Fluids

A review of the various treatments of oil-based drilling fluids filter cakes

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