Investigation of mechanical, kinetic and corrosion properties of borided AISI 304, AISI 420 and AISI 430

Turkoglu, Turker; Ay, İrfan

doi:10.1080/02670844.2021.1884332

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The boronized specimen at the boronizing temperature of 1173 K with 4 h exposure time was subjected to basic X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and only two iron borides, namely iron monoboride and diiron boride, were revealed. On the other hand, Turker Turkoglu and Ay [ 62 ] discovered, through XRD analysis, the presence of iron monoboride, diiron boride and chromium monoboride on the boron surface of the sample at 1273 K for 6 h. According to their research, they agree with our results.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Likewise, they revealed that the growth of boronized coatings could increase by a factor of two when using microwave heating instead of conventional heating methods like an oven. In another interesting study, Kayali and Mertgenç [72] applied the thermochemical boronizing treatment to an AISI 303 stainless steel in a temperature range from 1173 K to 1223 K. Their findings showed that the minimum energy of iron borides is around 236.5 kJ•mol −1 , which is consistent with other reported studies [55,62,75]. In other research, Kayali [64] hardened different stainless steels (AISI 420, AISI 304 and AISI 304L) by thermochemical boronizing treatment employing the powder-pack technique in the temperature range from 1123 K to 1223 K, and, considering that the boronized coatings obey the parabolic growth law, was able to determine the minimum energies for each steel (Q AISI 420 = 206.1 kJ•mol −1 , Q AISI 304 = 234.6 kJ•mol −1 and, Q AISI 304L = 222.8 kJ•mol −1 ).…”

Section: Derivation Of the Activation Energies Of Boron In Feb And Fe...supporting

confidence: 78%

“…As we can see from the data in Table 6, there are notable variations and resemblances in the values of diffusion coefficients; Keddam et al [49] applied pasteboronizing treatment, where the boron donor source was borax; the temperature range was from 973 K to 1073 K to harden AISI 440C steel. They found that the estimated boron activation energy value (134.6 kJ•mol −1 ) was slightly lower than that reported in other works [56,62,64,[72][73][74][75]. Ayvaz and Aydin [56] hardened medical-grade stainless steel (AISI 316L) using boronizing treatment and studied the effects of microwave heating on the dynamics of the boronized coatings.…”

Section: Derivation Of the Activation Energies Of Boron In Feb And Fe...mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Analysis of Diffusion Coefficients of Iron Monoboride and Diiron Boride Coating Formed on the Surface of AISI 420 Steel by Two Different Models: Experiments and Modelling

Ortiz-Domínguez,

Morales-Robles,

Gómez-Vargas

et al. 2023

Materials

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In the present work, two mathematical diffusion models have been used to estimate the growth of the iron monoboride and diiron boride coating formed on AISI 420 steel. The boronizing of the steel was carried out with the solid diffusion packing method at a boronizing temperature of 1123 K–1273 K. Experimental results show the two-coating system consists of an outer monoboride and an inner diiron boride coating with a predominantly planar structure at the propagation front. The depth of the boride coating increases according to temperature and treatment time. A parabolic curve characterizes the propagation of the boride coatings. The two proposed mathematical models of mass transfer diffusion are founded on the solution corresponding to Fick’s second fundamental law. The first is based on a linear boron concentration–penetration profile without time dependence, and the second model with time dependence (exact solution). For both models, the theoretical law of parabolic propagation and the average flux of boron atoms (Fick’s first fundamental law) at the growth interfaces (monoboride/diiron boride and diiron boride/substrate) are considered to estimate the propagation of the boride coatings (monoboride and diiron boride). To validate the mathematical models, a programming code is written in the MATLAB program (adaptation 7.5) designed to simulate the growth of the boride coatings (monoboride and diiron boride). The following parameters are used as input data for this computer code: (the layer thicknesses of the FeB and Fe2B phases, the operating temperature, the boronizing time, initial formation time of the boride coating, the surface boron concentration limits, FeB/Fe2B and Fe2B/Fe growth interfaces, and the mass transfer diffusion coefficient of boron in the iron monoboride and diiron boride phases). The outputs of the computer code are the constants εFeB and εFe2B. The assessment of activation energies of AISI 420 steel for the two mathematical models of mass transfer is coincident (QFeB=221.9 kJ∙mol−1 and QFe2B=209.1 kJ∙mol−1). A numerical analysis was performed using a standard Taylor series for clarification of the proximity between the two models. SEM micrographs exhibited a strong propensity toward a flat-fronted composition at expansion interfaces of the iron monoboride and diiron boride coating, confirmed by XRD analysis. Tribological characterizations included the Vickers hardness test method, pin-on-disc, and Daimler–Benz Rockwell-C indentation adhesion tests. After thorough analysis, the energies were compared to the existing literature to validate our experiment. We found that our models and experimental results agreed. The diffusion models we utilized were crucial in gaining a deeper understanding of the boronizing behavior of AISI 420 steel, and they also allowed us to predict the thicknesses of the iron monoboride and diiron boride coating. These models provide helpful approaches for predicting the behavior of these steels.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Derivation Of the Activation Energies Of Boron In Feb And Fe...supporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Derivation Of the Activation Energies Of Boron In Feb And Fe...mentioning

confidence: 92%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analysis of Diffusion Coefficients of Iron Monoboride and Diiron Boride Coating Formed on the Surface of AISI 420 Steel by Two Different Models: Experiments and Modelling

Ortiz-Domínguez,

Morales-Robles,

Gómez-Vargas

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…Boronized components deliver better performance as compared to those processed from other methods. Boronizing produces a diffusion layer thermo-chemically that contains borides that are harder (1800-3000 HV) than compounds resulting from other surface treatments [4]. Thus boronized steels have potential to deliver improved performance in severe environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural evolution and mechanical behaviour of boronized martensitic stainless steels

Mohan

Chaudhari

2022

Surface Engineering

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13Cr-4Ni and 16Cr-5Ni martensitic stainless steels are boronized at 900°C, 950°C and 1000°C for 2, 4, 6, 8 h using powder pack boronizing followed by tempering at 600°C for 2 h. Boronized layer morphology, composition and case depth are studied using optical microscopy, XRD, XPS and SEM. The influence of temperature and duration of boronizing on the growth kinetics of boronized layer is studied. Higher alloy content of 16Cr-5Ni MSS resulted in higher activation energy of boronizing, limiting the attainable case depth. Higher boronizing temperatures produced additional borides besides iron borides that increased hardness and decreased ductility, strain energy density and fracture toughness. Identified boronizing parameters could be useful in enhancing the performance of these grades in hydraulic machinery.

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“…), and duplex (Ferritic-Austenitic) stainless steels (1.4362, 1.4507 etc.) (Türkoğlu and Ay 2021). After giving brief information about sheet metals, especially stainless steels, some of the scientific studies in this field are briefly summarized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of experimental and numerical analysis of Quasi-Static punch shear test for stainless steel sheet material

Şahbaz

2022

Turkish Journal of Engineering

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In this study, Quasi-Static Punch Shear Test (QS-PST) for AISI-304 stainless steel sheet material with 0.5 mm thickness was performed experimentally and numerically, then the results were compared. QS-PST was designed non-standard according to the need and is especially used to determine the puncture resistance of composite plate materials against lowspeed loading. Since the results obtained from QS-PST are similar to those from ballistic tests, this has attracted the attention of researchers. The experimental study was carried out by integrating the die and punch which were specially produced for this test, into an electromechanical tensile-compression test device with a capacity of 100 kN. In order to define the material properties correctly in numerical analysis, the tensile tests of the relevant material were also carried out with the same device. Then, the CAD model of the experimental system was generated and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed. In FEA, the mesh structure was determined as tetrahedral, since it gave closer results in such tests and the analyzes were performed by increasing the number of mesh from 16700 to 151800 elements. Finally, the experimentally and numerically obtained results were compared and it was observed that the result were very close depending on increasing the number of mesh.

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Investigation of mechanical, kinetic and corrosion properties of borided AISI 304, AISI 420 and AISI 430

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

Analysis of Diffusion Coefficients of Iron Monoboride and Diiron Boride Coating Formed on the Surface of AISI 420 Steel by Two Different Models: Experiments and Modelling

Analysis of Diffusion Coefficients of Iron Monoboride and Diiron Boride Coating Formed on the Surface of AISI 420 Steel by Two Different Models: Experiments and Modelling

Microstructural evolution and mechanical behaviour of boronized martensitic stainless steels

Comparison of experimental and numerical analysis of Quasi-Static punch shear test for stainless steel sheet material

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