Investigation of Mechanical, Thermal and Melt Flow Performance of Polycarbonate Hybrid Composites Containing Mica Flakes and Glass Fiber

Alhaj, Ibrahim; Tirkeş, Seha; Hacıoğlu, Fırat; Tayfun, Ümit

doi:10.5185/amlett.2020.041501

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…As can be seen from Figure 7, BNT additions reduced MFI value of pristine ABS. In the literature, similar trend was observed for MFI behavior of BNT and related layered additives with different polymer matrix systems (Ozdemir et al , 2016; Saadat et al , 2013; Alhaj et al , 2020; Razak et al , 2012; Aalaie and Rahmatpour, 2007). MFI values showed decreasing trend as the concentration of BNT increased.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Mechanical, thermal, melt-flow and morphological characterizations of bentonite-filled ABS copolymer

Alhallak

Tirkeş

Tayfun³

2020

RPJ

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the mechanical, thermal, melt-flow and morphological behavior of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)-based composites after bentonite inclusions. Melt mixing is the most preferred production method in industrial scale and basically it has very near processing parameters compared to 3D printing applications. Rheological parameters of ABS and its composites are important for 3D applications. Melt flow behavior of ABS effects the fabrication of 3D printed product at desired levels. Shear thinning and non-Newtonian viscosity characteristics of ABS make viscosity control easier and more flexible for several processing techniques including injection molding, compression molding and 3D printing. Design/methodology/approach ABS copolymer was reinforced with bentonite mineral (BNT) at four different loading ratios of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. ABS/BNT composites were fabricated by lab-scale micro-compounder followed by injection molding process. Mechanical, thermo-mechanical, thermal, melt-flow and morphological properties of composites were investigated by tensile, hardness and impact tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), melt flow index (MFI) test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Findings Mechanical tests revealed that tensile strength, elongation and hardness of ABS were enhanced as BNT content increased. Glass transition temperature and storage modulus of ABS exhibited increasing trend with the additions of BNT. However, impact strength values dropped down with BNT inclusion. According to MFI test measurements, BNT incorporation displayed no significant change for MFI value of ABS. Homogeneous dispersion of BNT particles into ABS phase was deduced from SEM micrographs of composites. Loading ratio of 15% BNT was remarked as the most suitable candidate among fabricated ABS-based composites according to findings. Research limitations/implications The advanced mechanical properties and easy processing characteristics are the reasons for usage of ABS as an engineering plastic. Owing to the increase in its usage for 3D printing technology, the ABS became popular in recent years. The utilization of ABS in this technology is in filament form with various colors and dimensions. This is because of its proper rheological features. Practical implications Melt-mixing technique was used as preparation of composites, as this processing method is widely applied in industry. This method is also providing similar processing methodology with 3D printing technology. Originality/value According to the literature survey, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first research work regarding the melt-flow performance of ABS-based composites to evaluate their 3D printing applications and processability. ABS and BNT containing composites were characterized by tensile, impact and shore hardness tests, DMA, TGA), MFI test and SEM techniques.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Mechanical, thermal, melt-flow and morphological characterizations of bentonite-filled ABS copolymer

Alhallak

Tirkeş

Tayfun³

2020

RPJ

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“…It is known in the literature that the addition of selected modified fillers increases the mass flow rate of the tested composites (such an effect is very beneficial in the case of better filling in the injection mold and denser printing in the case of 3D printing technology) [28][29][30][31]. Unfortunately, we do not see this for composites containing unmodified CN filler [32][33][34]. The decrease in MFR ranges from −3.28% to −12.11% and indicates that the viscosity of the system increases after the addition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes PC/0.5%CN and the filler combination PC/0.5%CN/1.5%S, PC/0.5%CN/1.5%L [35,36].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Lowering the MFR of the tested composites containing these fillers is also described in the literature [32], but the decrease in the obtained results did not change the processing conditions and the flow behavior of PC. The reduction in MFR values can be attributed to the emerging interconnected networks of nanotubes that hinder the molecular movement of the polymer chains [27,36,37] Unfortunately, we do not see this for composites containing unmodified CN filler [32][33][34]. The decrease in MFR ranges from −3.28% to −12.11% and indicates that the viscosity of the system increases after the addition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes PC/0.5%CN and the filler combination PC/0.5%CN/1.5%S, PC/0.5%CN/1.5%L [35,36].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Unfortunately, we do not see this for composites containing unmodified CN filler [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. The decrease in MFR ranges from −3.28% to −12.11% and indicates that the viscosity of the system increases after the addition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes PC/0.5%CN and the filler combination PC/0.5%CN/1.5%S, PC/0.5%CN/1.5%L [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Polymer Composites Based on Polycarbonate (PC) Applied to Additive Manufacturing Using Melted and Extruded Manufacturing (MEM) Technology

et al. 2021

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As part of the present work, polymer composites used in 3D printing technology, especially in Melted and Extruded Manufacturing (MEM) technology, were obtained. The influence of modified fillers such as alumina modified silica, quaternary ammonium bentonite, lignin/silicon dioxide hybrid filler and unmodified multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the properties of polycarbonate (PC) composites was investigated. In the first part of the work, the polymer and its composites containing 0.5–3 wt.% filler were used to obtain a filament using the proprietary technological line. The moldings for testing functional properties were obtained with the use of 3D printing and injection molding techniques. In the next part of the work, the rheological properties—mass flow rate (MFR) and mechanical properties—Rockwell hardness, Charpy impact strength and static tensile strength with Young’s modulus were examined. The structure of the obtained composites was also described and determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The porosity, roughness and dimensional stability of samples obtained by 3D printing were also determined. On the other hand, the physicochemical properties were presented on the basis of the research results using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X-ray scattering analysis (WAXS) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Additionally, the electrical conductivity of the obtained composites was investigated. On the basis of the obtained results, it was found that both the amount and the type of filler significantly affected the functional properties of the composites tested in the study.

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“…Particulate geometry of PER powder resulted in the propagation of cracks exhibiting a negative effect against impact deformation of the PLA matrix due to the disorientation of load transfer with the inclusion of PER particles. Generally, plate-like additives such as graphite and mica donate impact strength thanks to the high surface area of their layers resulting in the load-bearing capacity during deformation [37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Impact Resistance Of Pla and Pla/per Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanded Perlite Mineral As a Natural Additive Used In Polylactide-Based Biodegradable Composites

Aksoy,

Tirkeş,

Tayfun

et al. 2024

Turkish Journal of Science and Technology

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Polylactide (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer derived from natural resources used in various applications ranging from medical to packaging. In this study, biocomposites were developed by combining perlite mineral (PER), a natural filler material, with a biodegradable PLA matrix in incorporated contaminations of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. Mixing force measurements, tensile, Shore hardness, impact tests, melt flow indices (MFI), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluations were carried out on composite samples to determine the processing, mechanical, melt flow, and morphological aspects of the developed composites. When the tensile test data were reviewed, minor decreases in the tensile strength and % elongation parameters were noticed with perlite loadings. The inclusion of perlite powder significantly reduced the impact strength value of PLA. Composites with high amounts of PER displayed elevated hardness values. While the MFI results were analyzed, it was discovered that the addition of PER increased the melt flow characteristics of the PLA polymer. At low PER quantities, SEM micrographs revealed that PER particles were homogeneously distributed in the PLA phase. The particle homogeneity in the composite morphology deteriorated as the PER loading ratio in the composites rose. According to the overall results, the highest performance among composites was achieved in the sample including 2.5% PER, and this sample was considered to be the most suitable option for applications regarding PLA-based biocomposite material purposes.

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Investigation of Mechanical, Thermal and Melt Flow Performance of Polycarbonate Hybrid Composites Containing Mica Flakes and Glass Fiber

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Mechanical, thermal, melt-flow and morphological characterizations of bentonite-filled ABS copolymer

Mechanical, thermal, melt-flow and morphological characterizations of bentonite-filled ABS copolymer

Polymer Composites Based on Polycarbonate (PC) Applied to Additive Manufacturing Using Melted and Extruded Manufacturing (MEM) Technology

Expanded Perlite Mineral As a Natural Additive Used In Polylactide-Based Biodegradable Composites

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