Investigation of micro-, meso-, and macrostructure of the condensed heterogeneous explosives using synchrotron radiation

Смирнов, Е. Б.; Muzyrya, A. K.; Kostitsyn, O. V.; Badretdinova, L. Ch.; Тен, К. А.; Pruuél, É. R.; Tolochko, B.P.; Шарафутдинов, М. Р.; Shmakov, A. N.; Купер, К. Э.

doi:10.3103/s1062873815010293

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…However, the nano-scale defects of explosive crystals are difficult to detect effectively because the defects are distributed in the explosive crystal with a large number but small scale, and the explosive material easily decomposes under the high-energy stimulation from characterization methods. To characterize the nano-scale defects, small angle X-ray/Neutron Scattering technology (SAXS/SANS) is used as an advanced means to obtain specific information of the explosive internal defects [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Willey [21] investigated the defects in PBX9501 and LX10 under thermal stimulation and found that both the PBX9501 and LX10 took place during phase transition and produced numerous pores, by using the ultra-small angle X ray scattering technique (USAXS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Evolution of Nano-Scale Defects of CL-20 Crystals under Thermal Treatment by Wide/Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

Materials

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Nano-scale crystal defects extremely affect the security and reliability of the explosive charges of weapons. In order to understand the evolution of nano-scale defects of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaaza-isowurtzitane (CL-20) explosive crystals under thermal treatments, the specific surface, volume fraction and size distribution of the nano-scale defects were studied by using Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) during the temperature range from 30 °C to 200 °C. The results showed that the number and size of the pores in CL-20 powder did not change significantly during the heating process before phase transformation (30–160 °C). At 170 °C, CL-20 began to convert from ε- to γ- phase, and the specific surface and volume fraction of the nano-scale defects increased significantly. Further investigation of the pore size distribution showed that the number of pores with a small size (radius 9–21 nm) changed particularly significantly, resulting from the cracking of the CL-20 crystal powder during phase transition. At 200 °C, the phase transition was completed and γ-CL-20 was created, and the small-sized pores gradually grew into medium-sized (radius 21–52 nm) pores over time when the temperature was fixed at 200 °C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Evolution of Nano-Scale Defects of CL-20 Crystals under Thermal Treatment by Wide/Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

Materials

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“…It is becoming the ideal candidate to supplement the technique of SEM and TEM. At present, SAXS has been widely used as an advanced means for obtaining specific information on the number and size distribution of internal defects of materials, such as polymer materials [4][5][6][7][8][9], nanocomposites [10][11][12] and energetic materials [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. However, it is still very challenging for characterizing the crystal powder accuracy by SAXS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Crystal Microstructure Based on Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) Technique

Wang

Sun

et al. 2020

Molecules

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Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is an effective method to obtain microstructural information of materials. However, due to the influence of crystal surface effects, SAXS has a deviation in the characterization of the crystal microstructure. In order to solve the influence of crystal surface effect on the internal defect signal, the microstructure of Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) crystal was characterized by soaking the sample in the matching solution. We found that the absolute scattering intensity, specific surface and volume fraction of the sample in the matching solution are significantly lower than the initial sample, which solves the influence of the crystal surface effect on the test results. Comparing the scattering results of the samples in different electron density matching solutions, it was found that the best result was obtained when using GPL-107 perfluoropolyether (PFPE) matching solution and the same law was obtained by controlling the experiment with 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) crystal. The fitting density was calculated according to the theoretical density and void volume fraction of the sample, and the calculated results are close to the test results of Particle Density Distribution Analyzer (PDDA). Based on this paper, we provide a method to obtain the correct information of crystal microstructure.

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The Prospects of Using Nanoenergetic Materials in Solid Rocket Propulsion

Зарко

2019

Nanomaterials in Rocket Propulsion Systems

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Investigation of micro-, meso-, and macrostructure of the condensed heterogeneous explosives using synchrotron radiation

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

Investigation on the Evolution of Nano-Scale Defects of CL-20 Crystals under Thermal Treatment by Wide/Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

Investigation on the Evolution of Nano-Scale Defects of CL-20 Crystals under Thermal Treatment by Wide/Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

Characterization of Crystal Microstructure Based on Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) Technique

The Prospects of Using Nanoenergetic Materials in Solid Rocket Propulsion

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