Multi-directional forging technology, as a representative severe plastic deformation technology, is urgent to be developed because it has strong microstructure refinement and performance improvement effects. In this paper, multi-directional forging experiments of TA15 titanium alloy with different passes were carried out at 700 °C using unrestricted multi-directional forging die structure. Then the samples of TA15 titanium alloy after multi-directional forging deformation were subjected to a high-temperature vacuum annealing treatment. The test results reveal TA15 alloy was effectively refined through multi-directional forging without any cracking with the increasing of deformation passes. The mechanism of grain refinement during multi-directional forging included dynamic recrystallization, grain crushing and adiabatic shear deformation bands refinement. The amount and grain size of recrystallization grains increased when the annealing time increased from 1 hour to 4 hours. Supplemented by annealing, the adiabatic shear deformation bands microstructure with the mixed microstructure of coarse α p and fine α s were obtained and the hardness after multi-directional forging and annealing was investigated. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increased by 26.1 % and 25.5 % respectively when the deformation pass increased to 3 passes compared with the initial specimen. The present work revealed that multi-directional forging deformation combined with appropriate annealing could represent an efficient route to improve the microstructure and mechanical property of TA15 alloy.