Investigation of milk urea nitrogen concentration and factors affecting its variation in Greek Holstein herds

Siachos, Nektarios; Panousis, Nikolaos; Arsenos, G.; Valergakis, G. E.

doi:10.12681/jhvms.15530

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…MU (milk urea: MU = MUN × 21.4) is used in Europe and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) in North America as a tool for monitoring diets (Siachos et al 2017) [36]. Variance in MU has been shown to be related to the ratio of dietary CP to energy, extended CP degradation in the rumen and the amount of ammonia in excess of microbial N requirements, and protein or energy intake in relation to feeding standards (Nousiainen et al 2004) [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Feeding Management and Culling of Cows on the Lactation Curves and Milk Production of Primiparous Dairy Cows

Różańska-Zawieja

Winnicki

Zyprych-Walczak

et al. 2021

Animals

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The study attempted to estimate the lactation curves of primiparous dairy cows in relation to their feeding management. Therefore, the first aim of the study was to determine and compare the lactation curves of primiparous dairy cows using Wood’s model and to estimate the association between the lactation curves and feeding management. The second objective was to investigate the effect of the culling rate on improvement in the milk yield of primiparous dairy herds. The study was conducted on four commercial dairy farms of Polish Holstein–Friesian cows using different feeding systems (TMR—total mixed ration and PMR—partial mixed ration) and management (T1—one TMR throughout lactation; P1—one PMR throughout lactation; T2 and T3—three feed periods such as FRESH, TMR I and TMR II according to days in milk). The data used for the study were obtained from monthly milk performance evaluations of 1662 primiparous cows conducted by the Polish Federation of Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farmers throughout the year 2015. Wood’s lactation model was used to plot curves for milk yield, fat and protein content, lactose content, and milk urea contents. The highest milk yield for the whole lactation and in the peak lactation phase was recorded for cows in herd T1. This herd reached peak lactation on day 105 of milking, with an average milk yield of 42.1 kg, which was about 5 kg more milk than in the other herds. The study showed that the culling of primiparous cows in herd T1 after 30, 60 and 90 days of lactation prevented a significant reduction in milk yield in a 305-day lactation. It also increased average milk production by 1586.9 kg per primiparous dairy cow.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Feeding Management and Culling of Cows on the Lactation Curves and Milk Production of Primiparous Dairy Cows

Różańska-Zawieja

Winnicki

Zyprych-Walczak

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…This group of cows also had the lowest number of cows with the least values of MF/MP (6.68% and 11.64% less than in Group 3 and Group 1, respectively). Siachos et al [56] reported that the ratio of milk fat content and milk fat/protein had a negative relation to MU because the cows featuring a higher protein content count had decreased MU values. This confirms the statements described above, i.e., that cows with higher protein content in their milk will have lower MU content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Calving Ease on In-Line Milk Urea and Relationship with Other Milk Characteristics in Dairy Cows

et al. 2021

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The aim of this research was to identify the relationship of calvin ease and level of in-line milk urea (MU) and other milk components, namely milk yield (MY), electrical conductivity (EC), milk fat (MF), milk protein (MP), milk fat/protein ratio (MF/MP), and somatic cell count (SCC) in dairy cows. The cows for the research were selected following such criteria: cows were tested within the period of up to the first 30 days after calving and had had a range of lactation numbers from two to four. Each selected farm housed more than 500 dairy cows and a total of 4712 calving cases from the eight dairy farms were studied and evaluated. The 4-point scale was used for the evaluation of the calving according to the point value meanings where 1 = easy, unassisted; 2 = easy, assisted; 3 = difficult, assisted; 4 = difficult, requiring veterinary intervention. A total of 4712 calving cases were researched and scored. The chemical properties of milk in all research cows were analyzed during the early phase of lactation (from the onset of calving to 30 days past calving) every day, during each milking. Cows were classified into groups according to the level of urea in milk: Group 1 had MU ≤ 15 mg/dL (12.6% of cows), Group 2 had MU 16–30 mg/dL (62.4% of cows), and Group 3 had MU > 30 mg/dL (25.0% of cows). We found that cows with milk urea levels between 16 and 30 mg/dL had the lowest incidence of dystocia, and also the highest concentration of milk lactose (ML ≥ 4.6%), the lowest mean value of milk electrical conductivity, and the lowest value of milk SCC. Dystocia increased the risk of somatic cell growth in cow’s milk above the herd average (OR = 1.364; 95% CI = 1.184–1.571, p < 0.001), and normal urea in milk reduced this risk (OR = 0.749; 95% CI = 0.642–0.869, p = 0.05). In all groups of cows, according to the level of urea in milk, the productivity of cows without dystocia at calving was higher (2.50–5.51 kg) as well as the milk protein % (0.13–0.21%) and milk lactose % (0.07–0.19%). We concluded that, in all groups of cows, according to the level of urea in milk, the productivity and milk lactose concentration of cows without dystocia at calving was higher, and lower somatic cells count and electrical conductivity values were found in the milk compared with cows diagnosed with dystocia at calving. We can state that dystocia has a negative effect on milk urea concentration and can increase the risk of mastitis.

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“…It has a Mediterranean climate with continental characteristics. From April to September (spring to summer) average THI values are usually above the comfort levels for cattle (THIs>68) [32]. Moreover, according to the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report, climate change is anticipated to escalate in the Mediterranean basin [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of temporal patterns of environmental heat stress of Holstein dairy heifers raised in Mediterranean climate during their in-utero and post-natal life periods and modelling their effects on age at first calving

Tsiamadis,

Valergakis,

Soufleri

et al. 2023

Journal of Thermal Biology

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Investigation of milk urea nitrogen concentration and factors affecting its variation in Greek Holstein herds

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

The Effect of Feeding Management and Culling of Cows on the Lactation Curves and Milk Production of Primiparous Dairy Cows

The Effect of Feeding Management and Culling of Cows on the Lactation Curves and Milk Production of Primiparous Dairy Cows

Influence of Calving Ease on In-Line Milk Urea and Relationship with Other Milk Characteristics in Dairy Cows

Identification of temporal patterns of environmental heat stress of Holstein dairy heifers raised in Mediterranean climate during their in-utero and post-natal life periods and modelling their effects on age at first calving

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