Investigation of Mitochondrial Transmission in Selected Matings between Homokaryons from Commercial and Wild-Collected Isolates of
            <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>
            (=
            <i>Agaricus brunnescens</i>
            )

Jin, Tianru; Sonnenberg, A.S.M.; Griensven, L. J. L. D. van; Horgen, Paul A.

doi:10.1128/aem.58.11.3553-3560.1992

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…mtDNA haplotype 3 resulted in a better radial growth rate in the n337 ϫ FS-20 nuclear background (26°C; COM and COCAL parent nuclei, respectively; Table 1). In contrast, mtDNA haplotype 1 resulted in a better radial growth rate in both the FS-15 ϫ n97 (18,22, and 26°C; COCAL and COM parent nuclei, respectively) and FS-27 ϫ n97 (22 and 26°C; COCAL and COM parent nuclei, respectively) nuclear backgrounds. These results demonstrate the influence of nuclear-mitochondrial interactions on growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…All of the mtDNA haplotypes have some unique restriction fragments for the CfoI digest, so heterokaryons carrying these mtDNAs can be distinguished by mtDNA haplotype. We used a cloned fragment (p50m1B1E1) of the A. bisporus IR region (22) to identify a region in which sequence variability exists (Fig. 1B).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of isolates that vary in both their nuclear and mitochondrial genomes are available through the ARP collection (23). This should permit mushroom breeders to evaluate many different cytonuclear combinations by controlled crosses to obtain different unique genotypes (21,22). In our study, we found that some nuclearmitochondrial combinations did not display any differing growth characteristics at the same temperature for the traits measured [MK-1 ϫ JB-2 (mt3) and MK-1 ϫ JB-2 (mt33) and JB-23 ϫ n97 (mt24) and JB-23 ϫ n97 (mt1); Table 2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitochondrial Haplotype Influences Mycelial Growth of Agaricus bisporus Heterokaryons

Bastide¹,

Sonnenberg²,

Griensven³

et al. 1997

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We evaluated the influence of mitochondrial haplotype on growth of the common button mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Ten pairs of heterokaryon strains, each pair having the same nuclear genome but different mitochondrial genomes, were produced by controlled crosses among a group of homokaryons of both wild and commercial origins. Seven genetically distinct mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes were evaluated in different nuclear backgrounds. The growth of heterokaryon pairs differing only in their mtDNA haplotypes was compared by measuring mycelial radial growth rate on solid complete yeast medium (CYM) and compost extract medium and by measuring mycelial dry weight accumulation in liquid CYM. All A. bisporus strains were incubated at temperatures similar to those utilized in commercial production facilities (18, 22, and 26°C). Statistically significant differences were detected in 8 of the 10 heterokaryon pairs evaluated for one or two of the three growth parameters measured. Some heterokaryon pairs showed differences in a single growth parameter at all three temperatures of incubation, suggesting a temperature-independent difference. Others showed differences at only a single temperature, suggesting a temperature-dependent difference. The influence of some mtDNA haplotypes on growth was dependent on the nuclear genetic background. Our results show that mtDNA haplotype can influence growth of A. bisporus heterokaryons in some nuclear backgrounds. These observations demonstrate the importance of including a number of mitochondrial genotypes and evaluating different nuclear-mitochondrial combinations of A. bisporus in strain improvement programs. Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach is a common edible mushroom with major economic value and a cosmopolitan distribution (24). The worldwide commercial production of this mushroom is valued at approximately 1.5 billion U.S. dollars annually (5). Mushroom producers depend primarily upon a limited number of superior genotypes of A. bisporus, specifically, the Horst U1 and U3 hybrids and their derivatives (8, 26). These commercially exploited genotypes are limited in genetic diversity (26, 40). The potential for selecting novel phenotypes in breeding programs from this limited gene pool is problematic and is an obstacle for mushroom strain improvement (29). Their limited genetic diversity also makes these cultivars more vulnerable to disease epidemics (34, 39). In addition, strain degeneration has been associated with some of these cultivars (14, 33). Each of these problems is a concern, since it may significantly reduce yields and prove to be costly to the grower. Indigenous populations of A. bisporus have been described for disparate locations in Europe, North America, and Asia (24) and include both bisporic (secondarily homothallic) and tetrasporic (heterothallic) isolates (3, 27). Some North American isolates have been identified as escaped commercial cultivars of European origin (24, 25, 28, 49). Xu et al. (48, 49) determined that genotypes isolated from indigenous A. bisporus...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitochondrial Haplotype Influences Mycelial Growth of Agaricus bisporus Heterokaryons

Bastide¹,

Sonnenberg²,

Griensven³

et al. 1997

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The diversity and apparent short life-span of genotypes of H. cylindrosporum in restricted areas (from dm 2 to m 2 ) suggest that meiospore dispersal plays a more important role than the growth and persistence of mycelia in the short-term evolution of populations of this species. In basidiomycete species, a single mitochondrial genome inherited from one parent is generally present in a dikaryotic mycelium (Baptista-Ferreira et al 1983;Hintz et al 1988;Smith et al 1990;Jin et al 1992;Specht et al 1992). The number of different mtDNA types may thus be used as a minimal estimate of the number of individuals which have contributed to the colonization of the studied areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine‐scale structure of populations of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum in coastal sand dune forest ecosystems

et al. 1997

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The basidiomycete mushroom Hebeloma cylindrosporum is a frequently found pioneer ectomycorrhizal species naturally associated with Pinus pinaster trees growing in coastal sand dune ecosystems along the Atlantic south‐west coast of France. The genotypic diversity and spatial structure of three populations of this fungal species have been studied. At each site the basidiocarps were mapped, sampled and propagated as pure mycelial cultures. For each of the isolates, we have studied polymorphisms in the mitochondrial genome, polymorphisms at two different nuclear loci and also fingerprints produced with a multicopy DNA probe. The comparison of the different polymorphisms obtained, with each of the four molecular methods used, allowed the identification of several of the different genets present in each site. In two of the studied sites most of the basidiocarps, which often occurred as dense patches of 10–30 in 1 m2 or less, were of a unique genotype, suggesting the below‐ground mycelia to be of a small size (from 50 cm2 to approx. 7 m2 for the larger mycelia) and that the root system of a single Pinus tree can host several genets of the same symbiotic fungus. In the two sites, which were studied again after a 3‐year interval, none of the genotypes identified in the first year of sampling was re‐identified 3 years later. These results contrast with those reported for other species of soilborne homobasidiomycete species, either ectomycorrhizal, parasitic or saprophytic, showing mostly large clones resulting from the vegetative growth and from persistence of below‐ground mycelia. Sexual reproduction through meiospore dispersal seems to play a key role in the structuring of the populations of H. cylindrosporum. Mycelia associated with the root systems seem to be replaced after 1 or a few years, during which basidiocarp differentiation takes place. As opposed to the few other studied ectomycorrhizal species, H. cylindrosporum has the characteristics of ruderal species, with a short life‐span adapted to pioneer situations, e.g. to nutrient‐poor and unstable sandy soils of coastal sand dunes.

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“…The resulting dikaryotic mycelium can differentiate basidiocarps in which karyogamy and meiosis take place. Mitochondrial transmission during mating has been studied in the homobasidiomycetes Coprinus cinereus (14), Agaricus bisporus (8,9), Agaricus bitorquis (7), Armillaria bulbosa (22), Pleurotus ostreatus (13), Lentinula edodes (6), and Schizophyllum commune (24). In all of these fungi except Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus bitorquis, bidirectional nuclear migration occurs along hyphae from the junction line of the two mated homokaryotic mycelia.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic evidence for nonrandom sorting of mitochondria in the basidiomycete Agrocybe aegerita

Barroso

Labarère

1997

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We studied mitochondrial transmission in the homobasidiomycete Agrocybe aegerita during plasmogamy, vegetative growth, and basidiocarp differentiation. Plasmogamy between homokaryons from progeny of three wild-type strains resulted in bidirectional nuclear migration, and the dikaryotization speed was dependent on the nuclear genotype of the recipient homokaryon. Little mitochondrial migration accompanied the nuclear migration. A total of 75% of the dikaryons from the fusion lines had both parental mitochondrial haplotypes (mixed dikaryons), and 25% had only a single haplotype (homoplasmic dikaryons); with some matings, there was a strong bias in favor of one parental haplotype. We demonstrated the heteroplasmic nature of mixed dikaryons by (i) isolating and subculturing apical cells in micromanipulation experiments and (ii) identifying recombinant mitochondrial genomes. This heteroplasmy is consistent with the previously reported suggestion that there is recombination between mitochondrial alleles in A. aegerita. Conversion of heteroplasmons into homoplasmons occurred (i) during long-term storage, (ii) in mycelia regenerated from isolated apical cells, and (iii) during basidiocarp differentiation. Homokaryons that readily accepted foreign nuclei were the most efficient homokaryons in maintaining their mitochondrial haplotype during plasmogamy, long-term storage, and basidiocarp differentiation. This suggests that the mechanism responsible for the nonrandom retention or elimination of a given haplotype may be related to the nuclear genotype or the mitochondrial haplotype or both.

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Investigation of Mitochondrial Transmission in Selected Matings between Homokaryons from Commercial and Wild-Collected Isolates of Agaricus bisporus (= Agaricus brunnescens )

Cited by 30 publications

References 31 publications

Mitochondrial Haplotype Influences Mycelial Growth of Agaricus bisporus Heterokaryons

Mitochondrial Haplotype Influences Mycelial Growth of Agaricus bisporus Heterokaryons

Fine‐scale structure of populations of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum in coastal sand dune forest ecosystems

Genetic evidence for nonrandom sorting of mitochondria in the basidiomycete Agrocybe aegerita

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