Investigation of Multiple Fluorescent Dyes in Macroscopic Air-Based Molecular Communication

Damrath, Martin; Bhattacharjee, Sunasheer; Hoeher, Peter Adam

doi:10.1109/tmbmc.2021.3054877

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…On the centimeter-and meter-scale, in contrast, flow-based material transport takes place, e. g., in the respiratory and cardiovascular system [8]. The same applies to experimental testbeds for MC, which have channel lengths between 5 mm [9] and 20 m [10]: They are nearly exclusively flow-based, both in air-borne [11]- [14] and fluidic channels [10], [15]- [23], irrespective of the type of information carrier. The only exceptions of this rule are mixed approaches with both convective and diffusive components [24], [25] as well as a setup based on buoyancy and gravity as driving forces [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quick Macroscopic Diffusion-Based Molecular Communication With Wavelike Propagation by Use of a Suspension of Relay Cells

Kirchner

2023

IEEE Commun. Lett.

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In order to enable molecular communication on macroscopic distances without a moving medium, the model of diffusion-based information transmission with a large number of relays suspended in the medium, hence at random positions, is proposed. With an increasing number of relays, the stochastic variations approach zero and the system exhibits a quasideterministic behavior. Furthermore, the transmission time becomes inversely proportional to the number of relays and the impulse response independent of the channel length. Thus, the model describes a wave-like propagation, which is fundamentally different from the established flow-and diffusion-based approaches in molecular communication.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quick Macroscopic Diffusion-Based Molecular Communication With Wavelike Propagation by Use of a Suspension of Relay Cells

Kirchner

2023

IEEE Commun. Lett.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of fluorescence has gained significant interest for the design of synthetic MC systems over the last few years [14]- [19]. In the experimental MC system in [14], a fluorescent dye was employed as information carrier. In order to facilitate long-range information transfer in MC systems, fluorescent carbon quantum dots were investigated as signaling particles due to their concentration dependent emission properties [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Media Modulation based Molecular Communication

Brand¹,

Garkisch²,

Lotter³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In conventional molecular communication (MC) systems, the signaling molecules used for information transmission are stored, released, and then replenished by a transmitter (TX). However, the replenishment of signaling molecules at the TX is challenging in practice. Furthermore, in most envisioned MC applications, e.g., in the medical field, it is not desirable to insert the TX into the MC system, as this might impair natural biological processes. In this paper, we propose the concept of media modulation based MC where the TX is placed outside the channel and utilizes signaling molecules already present inside the system. The signaling molecules can assume different states which can be switched by external stimuli. Hence, in media modulation based MC, the TX modulates information into the state of the signaling molecules. In particular, we exploit the group of photochromic molecules, which undergo light-induced reversible state transitions, for media modulation. We study the usage of these molecules for information transmission in a three-dimensional duct system, which contains an eraser, a TX, and a receiver for erasing, writing, and reading of information via external light, respectively. We develop a statistical model for the received signal which accounts for the distribution of the signaling molecules in the system, the initial states of the signaling molecules, the reliability of the state control mechanism, the randomness of irrepressible, spontaneous state switching, and the randomness of molecule propagation. We adopt a maximum likelihood detector and show that it can be reduced to a threshold based detector. Furthermore, we derive analytical expressions for the optimal threshold value and the resulting bit error rate (BER), respectively. Finally, we investigate the impact of various system parameters on the BER of media modulation based MC. Both the statistical model and BER results are verified by computer simulations. Our results reveal that media modulation enables reliable information transmission, validating it as a promising alternative to MC based on molecule emitting TXs.

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“…There is much research in MC theory, which urgently needs a testbed to verify this theoretical research and guide further theoretical modeling. According to different communication media, it can be divided into MC platforms based on air [4][5][6][7] and liquid [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. According to the channel size, the liquid-based MC platform can be divided into small pipe communication [8,9,11,[13][14][15][16][17], and large pipe communication [10,12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Communication Platform Based on Body Area Nanonetwork

et al. 2022

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With the development of nanotechnology and biotechnology, the nanomachine can be applied to the interior of the human body. In order to achieve the goal of completing complex tasks, measures to connect multiple nanomachines that can complete more simple tasks are taken. This can expand the ability of a single nanomachine to cooperate and share information to complete more complex tasks—namely, the emergence of the Body Area Network (BAN). In response to the requirements of building a BAN, we must first need to solve the communication problem between two nanomachines. Communication networks based on molecular communication (MC), known as “natural body area networks”, are widely used in biomedical fields. With the considerable development of MC theory, it is urgent to set up an experimental platform to verify and guide theoretical modeling. In this paper, a nanomaterial-based MC platform is designed and built to simulate the cardiovascular system. The platform uses the diffusion of nanoscale pigment particles in water solution in silicone tube to achieve communication process and modulates binary sequence information to messenger molecules by on-off keying (OOK). The platform successfully transmits and receives a 17-bit binary sequence to prove its communication possibilities. To assess the platform capabilities, this paper tests the effects of different solution concentrations, pipeline flow rates, and pressure on platform communications. These factors can be used to expand the modulation schemes that the platform can implement. In future work, some nanomaterials that can be used for molecular communication can be applied to the platform to characterize their channel characteristics.

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Investigation of Multiple Fluorescent Dyes in Macroscopic Air-Based Molecular Communication

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Quick Macroscopic Diffusion-Based Molecular Communication With Wavelike Propagation by Use of a Suspension of Relay Cells

Quick Macroscopic Diffusion-Based Molecular Communication With Wavelike Propagation by Use of a Suspension of Relay Cells

Media Modulation based Molecular Communication

A Molecular Communication Platform Based on Body Area Nanonetwork

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