Investigation of Nondestructive Testing Methods for Friction Stir Welding

Taheri, Hossein; Kilpatrick, Margaret; Norvalls, Matthew; Harper, Warren J.; Koester, Lucas W.; Bigelow, Timothy A.; Bond, Leonard J.

doi:10.3390/met9060624

Cited by 46 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…This often results in lowered mechanical performance (ductility, strength, wear, etc. ), as these defects act as crack initiation sites under stress [34]. A good repair is characterized not only by a lack of these defects, but in the case of friction stir-based processes, by a gradual transition from the base material to the stirred material.…”

Section: Interactions Between the Deposited Materials And Large-volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Friction Stir-Enabled Solid-State Additive Manufacturing for the Repair of 7075 Aluminum Alloy

et al. 2019

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The repair of high strength, high performance 7075 aluminum alloy is essential for a broad range of aerospace and defense applications. However, it is challenging to implement it using traditional fusion welding-based approaches, owing to hot cracking and void formation during solidification. Here, the use of an emerging solid-state additive manufacturing technology, additive friction stir deposition, is explored for the repair of volume damages such as through -holes and grooves in 7075 aluminum alloy. Three repair experiments have been conducted: double through-hole filling, single through-hole filling, and long, wide-groove filling. In all experiments, additive friction stir deposition proves to be effective at filling the entire volume. Additionally, sufficient mixing between the deposited material and the side wall of the feature is always observed in the upper portions of the repair. Poor mixing and inadequate repair quality have been observed in deeper portions of the filling in some scenarios. Based on these observations, the advantages and disadvantages of using additive friction stir deposition for repairing volume damages are discussed. High quality and highly flexible repairs are expected with systematic optimization work on process control and repair strategy development in the future.

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Section: Interactions Between the Deposited Materials And Large-volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Friction Stir-Enabled Solid-State Additive Manufacturing for the Repair of 7075 Aluminum Alloy

et al. 2019

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“…With the development of microtechnology, the nondestructive measurement of internal defects of weld can be achieved by using a scanning electron microscope and perspective electron microscope [ 33 , 34 ]. The scanning electron micrograph of main internal defects is shown in Figure 2 [ 35 ]. Nondestructive testing (NDT) is the inspection on whether the weld quality meets the specified requirements without damaging the performance and integrity of the inspected weld, mainly methods including radiography, ultrasonic testing, eddy current, thermography, and liquid penetrant [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: The Quality Factors Of Assembly and Welding For Ship Groumentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Prediction and Control of Assembly and Welding Process for Ship Group Product Based on Digital Twin

Liu

et al. 2020

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In view of the problems of lagging and poor predictability for ship assembly and welding quality control, the digital twin technology is applied to realize the quality prediction and control of ship group product. Based on the analysis of internal and external quality factors, a digital twin-based quality prediction and control process was proposed. Furthermore, the digital twin model of quality prediction and control was established, including physical assembly and welding entity, virtual assembly and welding model, the quality prediction and control system, and twin data. Next, the real-time data collection based on the Internet of Things and the twin data organization based on XML were used to create a virtual-real mapping mechanism. Then, the machine learning technology is applied to predict the process quality of ship group products. Finally, a small group is taken as an example to verify the proposed method. The results show that the established prediction model can accurately evaluate the welding angular deformation of group products and also provide a new idea for the quality control of shipbuilding.

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“…Laser ultrasonic (LUT) is a nondestructive technique has the advantage of being non-contact technique. In LUT inspection, a pulsed beam of the laser is distantly generated toward the surface of the inspected material [4]. A part of laser energy is absorbed and rapidly heat up the inspected region.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Ndtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a wide range of commonly used NDT methods and well established in the industry such as thermography inspection, ultrasonic inspection, eddy currents testing, X-ray and magnetic particles inspection [3], [4]. The choice between these techniques is based on their advantages and disadvantages with considering the safety, operational cost and their efficiency with the material to be inspected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospect of Using Artificial Intelligence for Microwave Nondestructive Testing Technique: A Review

2019

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The development in materials technology has produced stronger, lighter, stiffer, and more durable electrically insulating composites which are replacing metals in many applications. These composites require alternative inspection techniques because the conventional nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques such as thermography, eddy currents, ultrasonic, X-ray and magnetic particles have limitations of inspecting them. Microwave NDT technique employing open-ended rectangular waveguides (OERW) has emerged as a promising approach to detect the defects in both metal and composite materials. Despite its promising results over conventional NDT techniques, OERW microwave NDT technique has shown numerous limitations in terms of poor spatial resolution due to the stand-off distance variations, inspection area irregularities and quantitative estimation in imaging the size of defects. Microwave NDT employing OERW in conjunction with robust artificial intelligence approaches have tremendous potential and viability for evaluating composite structures for the purpose mentioned here. Artificial intelligence techniques with signal processing techniques are highly possible to enhance the efficiency and resolution of microwave NDT technique because the impact of artificial intelligence approaches is proven in various conventional NDT techniques. This paper provides a comprehensive review of NDT techniques as well as the prospect of using artificial intelligence approaches in microwave NDT technique with regards to other conventional NDT techniques. INDEX TERMS Microwave nondestructive testing, open-ended rectangular waveguides, artificial intelligence.

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Investigation of Nondestructive Testing Methods for Friction Stir Welding

Cited by 46 publications

References 91 publications

Additive Friction Stir-Enabled Solid-State Additive Manufacturing for the Repair of 7075 Aluminum Alloy

Additive Friction Stir-Enabled Solid-State Additive Manufacturing for the Repair of 7075 Aluminum Alloy

Quality Prediction and Control of Assembly and Welding Process for Ship Group Product Based on Digital Twin

Prospect of Using Artificial Intelligence for Microwave Nondestructive Testing Technique: A Review

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