Investigation of number of replicate measurements required to meet cigarette smoke chemistry regulatory requirements measured under Canadian intense smoking conditions

Use of the Acrylonitrile Haemoglobin Adduct N‑(2‑cyanoethyl)valine as a Biomarker Of Compliance in Smokers Switching to Tobacco Heating Products

“…Given the limitations of current biomarkers used to assess compliance or lack of compliance, development of new biomarkers is essential to enable appropriate assessment of effects and cessation in an increasingly complex nicotine product use landscape. The abundance of acrylonitrile in cigarette smoke 16 and the extremely low levels in emissions from THPs 6,14 gives CEVal a high degree of specificity for smoking cessation in THP users. 23,32 Furthermore, it has the potential to show differences between various levels of cigarette smoke exposure 23,38 and is steadily reversible upon smoking cessation.…”

“…We would like to suggest N-(2 cyanoethyl)valine (CEVal) in blood as a biomarker of long-term smoking-cessation compliance in participants using THPs. It is a haemoglobin (Hb) adduct of acrylonitrile, which is a major tobacco smoke constituent (mean estimated level 34 µg [range 19-50 µg] per cigarette) 16 and secondhand smoke, 17 but levels are negligible in THP vapour. 6,14 CEVal can be detected for up to 120 days 18 and has good specificity to smoking, with background concentrations of acrylonitrile associated with environmental exposure, including via occupational exposure, generally very low.…”