Investigation of Occupant Lower Extremity Injures under Various Overlap Frontal Crashes

Mo, Fuhao; Duan, Shuyong; Jiang, Xiaoqing; Xiao, Sen; Xiao, Zhihua; Wei, Shi; Wei, Kai

doi:10.1007/s12239-018-0029-9

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In 2005, Iwamoto et al [10] improved the constitutive models of the tibia cortex in the lower extremity model, making it more realistic and more accurate in simulating fractures. A series of dummies and models were used to explore the injury mechanism of ankle under impact, dorsiflexion, axial rotation and complex loads [11][12][13][14][15]. In 2012, Shin et al [11] established an FE model for simulating car crashes [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A series of dummies and models were used to explore the injury mechanism of ankle under impact, dorsiflexion, axial rotation and complex loads [11][12][13][14][15]. In 2012, Shin et al [11] established an FE model for simulating car crashes [16]. In 2013, Untaroiu et al [17] used the validated calf-ankle model with a 50th percentile adult size to simulate and observe the ligament ruptures, fractures of the ankle and subtalar joint under different frontal collision loads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary Study on the Mechanisms of Ankle Injuries Under Falling and Impact Conditions Based on the THUMS Model

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

Forensic Sciences Research

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Ankle injuries are common in forensic practice, which are mainly caused by falling and traffic accidents. Determining the mechanisms and manners of ankle injuries is a critical and challenging problem for forensic experts. The identification of the injury mechanism is still experience-based and strongly subjective. There also lacks systematic research in current practice. In our study, based on the widely used Total Human Model of Safety 4.0 (THUMS 4.0), we utilized the finite element (FE) method to simulate ankle injuries caused by falls from different heights (5 m, 10 m and 20 m) with different landing postures (natural posture, inversion, eversion, plantar-flexion and dorsi-flexion) and injuries caused by impacts from different directions (anterior-posterior, lateral-medial and posterior-anterior) with different speeds (10 m/s, 15 m/s and 20 m/s) at different sites (ankle and lower, middle and upper sections of leg). We compared the injury morphology and analyzed the mechanisms of ankle injuries. The results showed that falling causes a specific compression fracture of the distal tibia, while fractures of the tibia and fibula diaphysis and ligament injuries caused by falling from a lower height or inversion, planter flexion or dorsiflexion at a large angle are not distinguishable from the similar injury patterns caused by impact on the middle and upper segments of the leg. No obvious compression fracture of the tibia distal was caused by the impacts, whereas ligament injuries and avulsion fractures of the medial or lateral condyle and fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia and fibula were observed. Systematic studies will be helpful in reconstructing the ankle injury processes and analyzing the mechanisms in forensic practice, providing a deeper understanding of ankle injury mechanisms for forensic experts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Study on the Mechanisms of Ankle Injuries Under Falling and Impact Conditions Based on the THUMS Model

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

Forensic Sciences Research

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“…Small overlap impact is frequent and often results in remarkably injury risk to the occupant [1,2]. A vehicle small overlap impact evaluation rating protocol was issued by the IIHS to improve the crashworthiness of vehicles and reduce passenger injuries in 2012 [3].…”

Section: Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

Body optimization approach of sedan structure for improving small overlap impact rating

Liu

Liang

et al. 2019

International Journal of Crashworthiness

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“…9–12 Some believed that muscle active contraction during drivers’ emergency braking action plays an important role. 13–16…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11][12] Some believed that muscle active contraction during drivers' emergency braking action plays an important role. [13][14][15][16] Ejima et al 17 drew a conclusion from the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis (ITARDA) that more than 60% of car drivers in Japan made evasive manoeuvres on braking with their feet when they realized an unavoidable accident. In these emergency cases, they might prepare their bodies by bracing muscles in order to face the upcoming impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of active muscle forces on driver’s lower-limb injuries due to emergency brake in various frontal impacts

Huang

Wang

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Accident data shows that driver’s kinematics response in real accidents can be significantly different from that in dummy or cadaver tests because of driver’s muscle contraction. In this study, a finite element human-body model consisting of an upper body of a dummy model and a lower limb–pelvis biomechanical model with three-dimensional active muscles was developed to investigate in depth the lower-limb injuries. Driver’s emergency reaction during frontal impact was simulated by modelling muscle active contraction based on a series of volunteer experimental tests. Besides, a realistic impact environment with the response of the restraint system and the invasion of the driver’s compartment was established in this study. The results show that muscle contraction can cause extra loads on lower limbs during the impact, which can increase the injury risk of lower limbs. As for the femur injury, muscle contraction caused an additional 1 kN axial load on the femur, and the femur resultant bending moment of active models was also higher by about 10–40 N m. Besides, the tibial index of the model with muscle activation was about 0.1 higher. In addition, the results indicate that the femur injury is strongly related to the combined action of both axial force and bending moment. The variation of the injury tolerance along the tibia shaft should be considered when evaluating the tibia injury. Overall, the current lower-limb injury criteria can be still the lack of robustness.

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Investigation of Occupant Lower Extremity Injures under Various Overlap Frontal Crashes

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Preliminary Study on the Mechanisms of Ankle Injuries Under Falling and Impact Conditions Based on the THUMS Model

Preliminary Study on the Mechanisms of Ankle Injuries Under Falling and Impact Conditions Based on the THUMS Model

Body optimization approach of sedan structure for improving small overlap impact rating

Effects of active muscle forces on driver’s lower-limb injuries due to emergency brake in various frontal impacts

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