Investigation of optimum FSO communication link using different modulation techniques under fog conditions

Yasir, Sultan Mahmood; Abas, Naeem; Rauf, Shoaib; Chaudhry, Nauman Riaz; Saleem, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12516

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Outage probability is a concept commonly used in wireless communication systems to assess the reliability and performance of the communication link. It represents the probability that the system will fail to achieve a certain specified level of performance [9,10]. In the context of optical wireless communications, the outage probability is often associated with the probability that the received signal strength falls below a certain threshold, resulting in a loss of communication or a degradation in signal quality [9,16].…”

Section: Outage Probabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It represents the probability that the system will fail to achieve a certain specified level of performance [9,10]. In the context of optical wireless communications, the outage probability is often associated with the probability that the received signal strength falls below a certain threshold, resulting in a loss of communication or a degradation in signal quality [9,16]. The threshold is usually defined in terms of the minimum acceptable signal strength required for reliable communication.…”

Section: Outage Probabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [8], the researchers show how BPSK (Phase Shift Keying) modulation improves the robustness of the system to channel noise, with an increase in signal noise ratio (SNR) of the order of 3 dB. In [9], the authors study the optimal communication link for the FSO link, and show that modulation improves the propagation distance of the link and reduces the bit error rate (BER). In [10], the authors analyze the impact of different modulation techniques on FSO link performance and the results show that they improve system performance in terms of energy efficiency, throughput increasing and system capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving FSO Link Performance using PolSK Modulation

Kone,

Kamenan,

Kamagate

2024

PSIJ

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Free Space Optical (FSO) communication systems are based on the use of infrared light to transmit information at high speed through the atmospheric channel. Their performance is therefore affected by the characteristics of the atmospheric channel. One of the most widely used methods of compensating for the effects of atmospheric factors is modulation.The main aim of this research is to demonstrate the improvement in FSO link performance using PolSK modulation in a subtropical environment such as Cˆote d’Ivoire. The performance indicators considered are bit error rate, channel capacity, outage probability and energy efficiency. The mathematical expression of the evolution of each of these indicators as a function of the atmospheric parameters of our environment was determined using the gamma-gamma model. A numerical evaluation of the results obtained was carried out using Matlab software. The results show that PolSK modulation offers the best results in terms of BER reduction, with a BER of the order of 10-11 for an SNR of 50dB, compared with BERs of 10-4 and 10-2 for BPSK and OOK modulations respectively. We obtain a probability of interruption of the order of 10-3 for PolSK modulation compared with 10-2 for BPSK modulation and 10-1 for OOK modulation. As for the channel capacity, we obtain the same value (4:1458bit/s) for PolSK and BPSK modulation compared with 3:8181bit/s for OOK modulation. BPSK modulation, on the other hand, stands out for its excellent energy efficiency.

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Section: Outage Probabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Outage Probabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving FSO Link Performance using PolSK Modulation

Kone,

Kamenan,

Kamagate

2024

PSIJ

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“…The system model given in ( 12) and ( 13) are more general signal models with all the counterparts taken into account. According to [46] and [47], the simplified received signal model by neglecting the contribution of input dependent is given by ( 13). So the system models given by ( 12) and ( 13) represent the input-dependent Gaussian noise (IDGN) models while ( 13) denotes the input-independent Gaussian noise model (IIGN).…”

Section: A Fso Channel Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Error Analysis of Free Space Communication System Using Machine Learning

2023

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Free space optical (FSO) communication offers huge bandwidth, license-free spectrum and a more secure channel. PIN diodes are normally used for detection, but avalanche photodiodes (APD) are preferred for detecting high-speed FSO signals in many applications. In the case of APD, the noise distribution is input-dependent Gaussian noise (IDGN) rather than input-independent Gaussian noise (IIGN). We investigate the error analysis using on-off keying (OOK) for various detection approaches. This paper proposes a machine learning approach and compares its performance with soft and hard decisions. Soft values in the case of IDGN and IIGN are derived, and the optimum and sub-optimum detection thresholds are evaluated. The proposed novel ML approach shows better performance gains than the other approaches. It is also demonstrated that the IDGN model should have an optimum detection and achieve a gain of 2.5[dB] and about 1[dB] at λ = 0[dB] and λ = 10[dB], respectively. Experimental results are plotted for the FSO channel data, and a model fit curve is plotted using the ML approach.INDEX TERMS Error analysis, machine learning, optical communications, hard decision, soft decision.

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“…On several turbulence channels, the scintillation effect was eliminated using a fading simulator based on the Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM). Sultan Mahmood Yasir et al [30] presented several modulations such as CS-RZ, AM, RZ, CS-NRZ, MDB-RZ, DB-NRZ, MDB-NRZ, NRZ with high datarate.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Efficiency of FSO Communication Using a Hybrid Optimization Based U-NET Model in 6G Applications

Sreeni,

Vasavi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The sixth generation (6G) wireless communication has significant impact due to massive connectivity and higher data rate. 6G is enhanced with Free Space Optical (FSO) communication in which the optical data is transmitted with a free spectrum license and higher security. But atmospheric circumstances have an impact on how well FSO communication works. The novel detection approach is proposed in this paper to enhance performance by mitigating the effect of atmospheric turbulence. Initially, the input signal is modulated with an On-Off keying (OOK) based modulation technique and transmitted through FSO communication channel. On the receiver side, signal detection can be accomplished with hybrid optimization Particle Swarm Hill Climbing Algorithm based (PSHCA)-U-net. The U-net architecture is modified to enhance the U-net performance by optimizing the hyperparameters with a hybrid PSHCA algorithm. Tests are conducted using various atmospheric weather scenarios on the proposed PSHCA-U-net model.Finally, simulations are performed to determine the performance of a proposed architecture and evaluated using Bit Error rate (BER), accuracy, transmission time, latency, spectral efficiency etc. Using the proposed approach, the spectral efficiency and latency are improved with 100 Gbps/Hz and 1ms. In terms of BER and other performance measures, the proposed solution outperforms the current strategy. It shows the superiority of a proposed approach while considering 6G parameters.

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Investigation of optimum FSO communication link using different modulation techniques under fog conditions

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Improving FSO Link Performance using PolSK Modulation

Improving FSO Link Performance using PolSK Modulation

Error Analysis of Free Space Communication System Using Machine Learning

Improving the Efficiency of FSO Communication Using a Hybrid Optimization Based U-NET Model in 6G Applications

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