Investigation of PMSE dependence on high energy particle precipitation during their simultaneous occurrence

Rauf, Abdur; Li, Hailong; Ullah, Safi; Meng, Lin; Wang, Bin; Wang, Maoyan

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2018.09.007

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…To investigate the relationship between MSTIDs and NREs, we use the square of the correlation coefficient. The square of the correlation coefficients in percentage, that is, [0 3.61], [4 15.21], [16 34.81], [36 62.41], [64,100], respectively indicate the range of percentages by which the parameters of one variable could be statistically explained by the parameters of the other (Rauf et al, 2019).…”

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We calculate the Spearman correlation coefficient between MSTIDs and NREs (Rauf et al, 2019; Wilks, 2011; Zou et al., 2003). The Spearman correlation coefficient is the Pearson correlation calculated by considering the rank of the data, hence the Spearman correlation coefficient is not affected by the outliers (Rauf et al, 2019; Wilks, 2011; Zou et al., 2003). The Pearson correlation coefficient is given by (Cov ( NREs , TIDs ) )/( S NREs S TIDs ), where Cov and S represent covariance and standard deviation, respectively.…”

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, we consider this correlation coefficient to be statistically significant with a 95% confidence level (Rauf et al, 2019;Ware et al, 2019). (Rauf et al, 2019).…”

Section: Correlation Between Mstids and Nresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous Occurrence of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances, Farley Buneman and Gradient Drift Instabilities Observed by the Zhongshan SuperDARN HF Radar

Hiyadutuje,

Habarulema,

Kosch

et al. 2024

JGR Space Physics

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We show that Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) may affect the Farley Buneman Instability (FBI) and Gradient Drift Instability (GDI) echoes referred to as the Near Range Echoes (NREs) in the SuperDARN radar backscatter from the lower part of the E‐region. TIDs and NREs are observed concomitantly by the Zhongshan SuperDARN radar (69.38°S, 76.38°E) in the far and near ranges, respectively. At the moment, there is no study about the effects of TIDs on the NREs caused by the FBI using the SuperDARN radars. The GDI are more likely to occur at a lower altitude while FBI occurs at a slightly higher altitude in the lower part of the ionospheric E‐region. We use the Spearman Correlation Coefficient (SCC) to show that a part of the NREs backscatter power could be statistically explained by the MSTIDs backscatter power received by the same radar. We also investigate the simultaneous occurrence rate of the NREs and MSTIDs during the 24th solar cycle. Seasonal variability shows that MSTIDs‐NREs events over Zhongshan mostly occur in summer and equinoxes during local night and morning. The majority of these events lasted between ∼4 and ∼8 hr. Most events disappeared early in the morning. Statistics of the Spearman correlation coefficient values show that ∼9% of NRE amplitude modulation could be due to the MSTIDs. There are almost equal numbers of negative and positive Spearman correlation coefficient values. The relative velocity between the E‐region NREs and the F‐region MSTIDs switching the electric field polarities between the crests and troughs could be the cause of those equal number of the Spearman correlation coefficient values. The orientation of the ionospheric current relative to the MSTID polarization electric field may also play a significant role in the reported Spearman correlation coefficient values. We argue that in some cases, the TIDs might have been close enough to the NREs altitude to modulate them directly by transporting the plasma up and down through shear or compression.

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Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous Occurrence of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances, Farley Buneman and Gradient Drift Instabilities Observed by the Zhongshan SuperDARN HF Radar

Hiyadutuje,

Habarulema,

Kosch

et al. 2024

JGR Space Physics

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show abstract

“…The maximum of the apparent electron density between 80 and 90 km was used as a proxy for the strongest PMSEs. The electron density satisfying the threshold (

\begin{matrix} alignleft \\ align-1 N_{e} \geq 3 \times 1 0^{10} m^{- 3} & align-2 \end{matrix}

) at an altitude of 91 km was used as a proxy for EPP (Rauf et al, 2019). It was helpful to observe the relationship between volume reflectivity and radar frequency of PMSEs during EPP events.…”

Section: Experimental Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the radar frequency dependence of polar mesosphere summer echoes

Meng

et al. 2020

Earth and Planetary Physics

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The characteristics of polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSEs) simultaneously observed by both very high frequency (VHF) and ultra high frequency (UHF) radars are presented q High-frequency heating has a limited effect on the intensity of PMSEs when the UHF electron density is increased because of energetic particle precipitation q The volume reflectivity has been further confirmed to be inversely proportional to the fourth power of radar frequency q

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“…At polar latitudes, nanometer‐size dust particles produce remarkably strong radar echoes due to electron density irregularities, called polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) (Lübken, 1999), and NLC can even be observed optically below the PMSE layer (Von Zahn and Bremer, 1999). In the D‐region of the ionosphere, one possible reason for electron density irregularity and hence for PMSE might be the extra ionization produced by highly energetic particle precipitation (Rauf et al, 2018). Recently, Ge et al (2020) presented the effect of energetic particle precipitation on modulated PMSE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ions on conductivity and permittivity in the Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes region

Ullah¹,

Li²,

Rauf³

et al. 2021

Earth and Planetary Physics

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Investigation of PMSE dependence on high energy particle precipitation during their simultaneous occurrence

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Simultaneous Occurrence of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances, Farley Buneman and Gradient Drift Instabilities Observed by the Zhongshan SuperDARN HF Radar

Simultaneous Occurrence of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances, Farley Buneman and Gradient Drift Instabilities Observed by the Zhongshan SuperDARN HF Radar

On the radar frequency dependence of polar mesosphere summer echoes

Effect of ions on conductivity and permittivity in the Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes region

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