Investigation of Polycarbazoles Thin Films Prepared by Electrochemical Oxidation of Synthesized Carbazole Derivatives

Abstract

Polycarbazole and its derivatives have advantages of good environmental stability, electrochromic properties and photoconductivity which have attracted considerable attention because of their potential industrial applications in electroluminescent applications, rechargeable batteries, and light emitting diodes. They have the possibility of different position substitution (carbon C 3-C 3 ' or N) that lead to different electropolymerization behaviors. However, the N position facilitates the grafting of various derivatives of interest and permits not to modify so much the radical cation formation during electropolymerization. In this paper, carbazole and its derivatives were electrochemically oxidized in acetonitrile solutions leading to the formation of thin polymer films. The morphological features and electrochemical properties of the as-formed polymer films were investigated in detail. Thanks to these experiments, the influence of the substitution on the properties of the polymer films was evidenced and discussed. In addition, fast electrochemistry experiments were carried out on platinum microelectrodes within 50-1,000 V/s scan speed range. Reactivity of carbazole derivatives radical cations and dimers was investigated through these experiments. Thermodynamic and kinetic information (e.g., redox standard potential, heterogeneous, and dimerization rate constants) was extracted after coupling with electrochemical simulations.

A 9-fluorenyl substitution strategy for aromatic-imide-based TADF emitters towards efficient and stable sky blue OLEDs with nearly 30% external quantum efficiency

“…One shoulder peak was observed at the second CV sweep and the current gradually increased during repeated cycling for the emitter 4-CzAIAd, which may be ascribed to the polymerization of the unsubstituted carbazole group. 39,40 Upon substitution with tert-butyl groups, there was a slight change in the oxidation current under the same operation conditions. Although introducing two tertbutyl groups at the 3,6-positions of the carbazole moiety can effectively improve the electrochemical stability, 41,42 this positive effect is significantly enhanced for 9-phenyl-9-fluorenyl substituents.…”

Soft-template electropolymerization of 3,4-(2,3-naphtylenedioxy)thiophene-2-acetic acid esters favoring dimers: Controlling the surface nanostructure by side ester groups

“…These aromatic units have lower oxidation potentials, comparable to that used in CV experiments in Figure 3 and can also undergo oxidation to form radical cations, followed by coupling and thus electropolymerization. N-Substituted carbazole units are electrochemically oxidized in CV experiments at Eox ~ 1.0 -1.3 V vs SCE (in CH2Cl2) [70,71,72,73,74]. Pyrene and its derivatives are oxidized in CV experiments at Eox ~ 1.2 -1.4 V vs SCE [75,76,77,78,79].…”

Electrodeposition and Characterization of Conducting Polymer Films Obtained from Carbazole and 2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)acetic Acid

“…The electrolytic solution was composed of carbazole and 2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)acetic acid (CzA) used as co-monomers, LiClO 4 as supporting salt, and ACN as solvent. CzA was synthesized in the lab following a procedure that has already been reported in detail [50,51]. All the chemical reagents used to synthesize the CzA product were from Sigma-Aldrich.…”