“…Additionally, the Cr residue, a toxic byproduct during the production process of chromic salts, can leave enormous threats to human health and the ecological environment nearby due to its long-time stacking without any safe treatments. Given the reclaiming uses of waste industrial sites, the fate of many inorganic contaminants in the environment increasingly attracts much attention. , Chromium, mostly in two predominant oxidation states (Cr(III) and Cr(VI)), is very sensitive in anoxic–oxic mediums, − making some changes in the species and mobility in soils, sediments, wetlands, groundwater, etc. ,,,, Generally, when compared with Cr(III), Cr(VI) is highly mobile in the environment in the forms of chromate oxyanion, such as HCrO 4 – and CrO 4 2– , which may damage human health through the food chain due to its powerful carcinogenicity. , Thus, understanding the behavior of Cr(VI) can facilitate us to control its potential risk in the environment.…”