Investigation of precipitated calcium carbonate as a processing aid and impact modifier in poly(vinyl chloride)

Fernando, Niranjala; Thomas, Noreen L.

doi:10.1002/pen.23191

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Fernandes and Thomas examined the effect of various grades of precipitated and ground calcium carbonate on the tensile strength and Charpy impact energy of extruded PVC profiles [81,82]. The results confirmed that especially ultrafine precipitated calcium carbonate (UFPCC) can give rise to significant improvements in single notch impact strength.…”

Section: Inorganic Impact Modifierssupporting

confidence: 58%

Additional PVC Additives

Schiller¹

2015

PVC Additives

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The lubricants, often also inaccurately referred to as waxes, are another important class of PVC additives. They may not compare volume wise to, for example, the fillers but are certainly in a class of their own with regard to functionality. Stabilizers and lubricants are not only applied jointly by using a stabilizer-lubricant one-pack. On one hand, there is virtually no PVC process or application that does not need lubricants. On the other hand, many stabilizers such as metal soaps (see also the section on metal soaps next and in Section 1.4.2) also have, in addition to their stabilizing rheological properties.Lubricants influence the following: the overall processing window, in general as well as in important detail, the plastification, and subsequently also, the mechanical properties of the extrudate, the wall-slipping behavior, the metal release in general, the torque during extrusion, the pressures during extrusion, the melt temperature, the melt viscosity, the melt homogeneity, the melt elasticity, to some degree the dynamic stability, the surface quality of the extrudate, the gloss, 2 Additional PVC Additives the plate-out behavior (see also Chapter 3), the die swell, and by that also the final dimensions of the extrudate the take-off tension needed to pull the profile or pipe through the calibration, and by that, the shrinkage the welding behavior, the incorporation and dispersion of inorganic/nonmelting components, e.g., filler, the glass transition temperature [1, 2] and by that the VICAT softening point and ductility, the density of the final product, the transparency of the final product, the extrusion output, and last but not least, the price of the final product.From the number and the complexity of influences it can be rightly concluded that, similar to the so-called butterfly effect for the weather [3], changes in the lubricant balance can not only have the intended effects, but also an unlimited number of unintended side effects which often cannot be predicted.Like stabilizers, lubricants cannot be characterized by a single, generally applicable chemical formula. Too various are the functions of individual lubricants, mainly in production but sometimes also affecting the final product. Because of this, also the chemistry behind lubricants is just as diverse.The definition of the term waxes by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Fettwissenschaft (DGF, German Association for Fat Sciences), commonly encountered in the literature, was initially conceived for the historically most important application, care products [4]. Nevertheless, it can also be used in many areas of the plastics industry. Accordingly, many lubricants can also be characterized by the following properties. A substance is called a wax, when it: can be kneaded at 20°C, is of solid to brittle hardness, has a coarse to microcrystalline structure, is translucent to opaque but not glass-like, melts above 40°C without decomposition, has a low melt viscosity only a few degrees above the melting temperature, has a strongly temperature dependent...

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Section: Inorganic Impact Modifierssupporting

confidence: 58%

Additional PVC Additives

Schiller¹

2015

PVC Additives

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“…The most common type of filler is calcium carbonate, as it is inexpensive, consistent, and readily available. It is also available in many different grades, making it more versatile than many other fillers 14,15 . As well as PVC resin, all PVC compounds will contain a stabilizer package.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The quantification of di‐octyl terephthalate and calcium carbonate in polyvinyl chloride using Fourier transform‐infrared and Raman spectroscopy

Irvin

Potgieter

Liauw

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Moreover, the chemical treatment of kenaf fibers using hydrated chromium(III) sulfate ([Cr(H 2 O) 6 ] 2 (SO 4 ) 3 •6(H 2 O)) can also improve the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of LLDPE/PVOH/kenaf composites [5]. The use of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) as a filler in polymer materials has been widely developing because it includes natural materials that are abundant and easy to obtain [6][7][8][9][10]. PCC is calcite with an amorphous crystal structure and low hardness [11][12][13].…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Organo-Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Filled LLDPE/Cyclic Natural Rubber Composites

et al. 2021

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This study investigates the improvement of the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)/cyclic natural rubber (CNR) after the addition of organo-precipitated calcium carbonate (O-PCC). The impact on the properties of the LLDPE/CNR/LLDPE-g-OA/O-PCC composites was investigated by a series of empirical experiments. First, the polymer composite was blended in the molten state using an internal mixer with a heating temperature of 160 °C and a rotation speed of 100 rpm. The LLDPE was placed in a chamber of internal mixer until melted, followed by CNR, LLDPE-g-OA, and O-PCC. The polymer composites with an O-PCC concentration of 5% obtained the optimal mechanical properties compared to other variations, with a tensile strength of 17.17 MPa and Young's modulus of 252.68 MPa. The presence of O-PCC resulted in better thermal stability and a change in the melting point temperature of 124 °C. The FTIR spectra of the polymer composite showed the specific characteristics of O-PCC at 872.1 cm–1. The morphology of the polymer composite indicates that the O-PCC is evenly dispersed in the polymer composite.

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Investigation of precipitated calcium carbonate as a processing aid and impact modifier in poly(vinyl chloride)

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Additional PVC Additives

Additional PVC Additives

The quantification of di‐octyl terephthalate and calcium carbonate in polyvinyl chloride using Fourier transform‐infrared and Raman spectroscopy

Improvement of Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Organo-Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Filled LLDPE/Cyclic Natural Rubber Composites

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