Investigation of probable relationship between Toxoplasma gondii and cryptogenic epilepsy

Yazar, Sã Leyman

doi:10.1016/s105913110200256x

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…2 The tissue cysts remain largely quiescent for the life of the host, but can reactivate and cause life-threatening toxoplasmic encephalitis in immunocompromised patients, such as those with AIDS, neoplastic diseases and organ transplants. 3,4 In immunocompetent individuals, recent studies suggested that T. gondii is an important cause of cryptogenic epilepsy, 5,6 and is likely involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. 7,8 The tissue cyst is not affected by any of the current drug treatments and it has been generally regarded as untouchable.…”

Section: ؉ Immune T Cells Possess a Potent Activity To Remove The Cysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Toxoplasma gondii Cysts from the Brain by Perforin-Mediated Activity of CD8+ T Cells

Suzuki

Wang

Jortner

et al. 2010

The American Journal of Pathology

115

172

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Chronic infection with؉ T cells does not require their production of interferon-␥, the major mediator to prevent proliferation of tachyzoites during acute infection, but does require perforin. These results suggest that CD8 ؉ T cells induce elimination of T. gondii cysts through their perforin-mediated cytotoxic activity. Our findings provide a new mechanism of the immune system to fight against chronic infection with T. gondii and suggest a possibility of developing a novel vaccine to eliminate cysts from patients with chronic infection and to prevent the establishment of chronic infection after a newly acquired infection.

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Section: ؉ Immune T Cells Possess a Potent Activity To Remove The Cysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Toxoplasma gondii Cysts from the Brain by Perforin-Mediated Activity of CD8+ T Cells

Suzuki

Wang

Jortner

et al. 2010

The American Journal of Pathology

115

172

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“…It has been postulated that T. gondii infection is associated with cryptogenic epilepsy (epilepsy of unknown causes) in endemic areas (Tenter et al, 2000;Stommel et al, 2001;Yazar et al, 2003;Zibaei et al, 2011). The proposed mechanism through which T. gondii causes epilepsy has been described in details elsewhere (Stommel et al, 2001).…”

Section: Toxoplasma Gondii and Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, evidence from case control and ecological studies from other parts of the world reports a possibility that cryptogenic epilepsy may be a consequence of latent toxoplasmosis infections (Tenter et al, 2000;Stommel et al, 2001;Yazar et al, 2003;Zibaei et al, 2011). In support of this hypothesis, observational studies have reported a decline in incidence of cryptogenic epilepsy and toxoplasmosis with time (Potasman et al, 1995;Yazar et al, 2003;Schuster & Visvesvara, 2004). Mostly as a consequence of improved nutrition and personal hygiene and public health education to risk groups (Stommel et al, 2001).…”

Section: Toxoplasma Gondii and Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Epilepsy and tropical parasitic infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review

Mazigo

Morona

Kweka

et al. 2013

Tanzania J Hlth Res

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Several reports have suggested that the high prevalence of epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with the high prevalence of parasitic infections affecting the central nervous system. Though epidemiological evidence suggests an association between parasitic infections and epilepsy, the biological causal relationship has not been fully demonstrated for many of these infections. The objective of this paper is to review the available epidemiological evidence on the links between parasitic infections and epilepsy, the pathogenesis and the current gap of knowledge indicating the areas requiring further research. Data for this review were identified and collected using manual and electronic search strategies of published and unpublished sources. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the epidemiology of epilepsy remains unclear and given the differing study designs, the results of available epidemiological studies are difficult to interpret and compare. Evidence from surveys reported a median prevalence of 1.5%. Co-infection of parasitic infections and epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa are common, particularly in areas characterized by poor hygiene standards. There is an epidemiological link on the association between epilepsy and various parasitic infections. However, the biological causal relationship requires further investigation in adequately designed studies. In conclusion, although several epidemiological and case control studies indicate a relationship between parasitic agents and epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a considerable gap of knowledge on the cause and magnitude of the association. Thus, there is an urgent need for systematic epidemiological studies to understand the burden of epilepsy in areas endemic due to preventable parasitic infections, to prove a causal relationship, and to understand the impact of controlling these parasitic diseases on reduction of the burden of epilepsy.___________________________________________________________________________________

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“…The released parasites go through different parts of the host body and enter all nucleated cells of the body, especially cells of the nervous system, which causes necrosis and creates massive lesions (7)(8)(9)(10). Most immunocompetent individuals carrying the parasite cysts, especially in the central nervous system, have a model of chronic asymptomatic common infection (11,12). There are several reports that show chronic Toxoplasma infection may alter human behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Rashno

Fallahi

Kheirandish

et al. 2016

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Background: Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important diseases in humans and animals. Almost one-third of the human population around the world is infected with toxoplasmosis. The agent of this parasitic disease is a protozoan called Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) that causes encephalitis in people with suppressed immune systems and abortion, mental retardation and chorioretinitis in the fetus. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most important neurodegenerative disease. Objectives: Due to the high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Iran and evidence on its impact on neurodegenerative diseases, this study was performed to evaluate the T. gondii infection in patients with AD. Patients and Methods:In this case-control study, after selection of alzheimer's patients (APs) referred to Imam Reza psychiatric hospital of Khorramabad, west of Iran, and healthy controls (each group consisted of 87 individuals), using the convenience sampling method and under the supervision of a neurologist, blood samples were taken during July 2014 and January 2015. The collected samples were transferred to the research laboratory of parasitology under cold chain storage and then, the serum samples were separated by centrifugation and were frozen at -20°C until use. The T. gondii IgM and IgG specific antibodies were assessed in serum samples using commercial Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits. Results: The overall prevalence of T. gondii infection in patients with AD and the control group, using ELISA assay, was obtained as 66.6% (58/87) and 56.32% (49/87), respectively (P = 0.99). In this study, there was no significant association between T. gondii infection and AD. On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of infection with T. gondii (P = 0.99). Conclusions: Higher prevalence of T. gondii in patients with AD compared to controls showed the possible impact of this parasite in AD, which may exacerbate symptoms, and this requires special attention of specialists and patient families.

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Investigation of probable relationship between Toxoplasma gondii and cryptogenic epilepsy

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Removal of Toxoplasma gondii Cysts from the Brain by Perforin-Mediated Activity of CD8+ T Cells

Removal of Toxoplasma gondii Cysts from the Brain by Perforin-Mediated Activity of CD8+ T Cells

Epilepsy and tropical parasitic infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

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