Investigation of progress of reactions and evolution of radial heterogeneity in the initial stage of thermal stabilization of PAN precursor fibres

Nunna, Srinivas; Naebe, Minoo; Hameed, Nishar; Creighton, Claudia; Naghashian, Sahar; Jennings, Matthew J.; Atkiss, Stephen; Setty, Mohan

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.01.008

Cited by 71 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Furthermore, studies of the impact of different process parameters or composition of precursor fibres in single process steps have been done, but there exist only less considerations for the influence of single process parameters over all process stages . This results in very few comprehensive investigations of single process parameters onto fibre structure, correlations of process‐structure‐relations and the fundamental mechanisms of precursor conversion to carbon fibres .…”

Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increasing temperature leads to a cyclisation and oxidation reaction of polyacrylonitrile resulting in a ladder structure and an increase in density . A resulting density of the stabilised fibre of 1.34–1.39 g/cm 3 leads to high tensile strengths .…”

Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, stabilisation is a kinetic reaction and driven by diffusion mechanisms. An increase in process temperature and longer dwell times enhance the reactions and the stabilisation degree, respectively . The stabilisation degree can further be enhanced by a preoxidation step before stabilisation of fibres which leads to higher carbon yields, a more distributed exothermic heat peak, a minor porosity and a higher crystallite orientation to fibre axis .…”

Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stabilisation degree can further be enhanced by a preoxidation step before stabilisation of fibres which leads to higher carbon yields, a more distributed exothermic heat peak, a minor porosity and a higher crystallite orientation to fibre axis . The increase in temperature and heating rate needs a careful adaption, otherwise skin‐core‐fibre structures will be formed because of elevated cyclisation reactions in the skin and enhanced oxygen diffusion . An oxygen uptake to a content of 8–14 % is frequently been considered to give carbon fibres with high tensile strengths .…”

Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fibre shrinkage can be compensated to remain original fibre length and crystal orientation opposed to the conversion inherent reduction of fibre diameter and an uptake in density . If tension is applied at too low stabilisation temperatures, density, cyclisation and dehydrogenation degree are diminished instead of an acceleration in cyclisation and aromatisation reaction at higher temperatures . Furthermore, the cyclisation degree also has a maximum depending on the applied strain which leads to better mechanical properties, depending on the different atmospheres .…”

Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of processing parameters on the properties of carbon fibres – an overview

Jäger

Cherif

Kirsten

et al. 2016

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Several studies have shown the importance of carbon fibres (CF) for different high technology markets. In recent years, different fibre types with improved properties have been developed for those markets. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) copolymers are the basic raw material (precursor) for these fibres in the predominant case. Improvements of the mechanical fibre properties have mainly been achieved by defect reduction during the manufacturing process. Thus, commercial carbon fibres with tensile strengths up to approx. 7000 MPa are currently available. It can be shown that the strengths can be further increased (in the direction of graphene properties) when the relationship between process conditions and defects due to manufacturing of the fibres is better understood. In this context, novel processes like electron beam crosslinking or UV‐activation have proven to be very promising. The article gives an overview about the current situation in the field of carbon fibres development and particularly shows recent shortcomings with respect to novel applications.

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Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Process‐structure‐relations and Their Technical Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Influence of processing parameters on the properties of carbon fibres – an overview

Jäger

Cherif

Kirsten

et al. 2016

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Advances in Insight of Radial Heterogeneous Microstructure and Its Relevance to Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylonitrile‐Based Carbon Fibers

et al. 2023

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Polyacrylonitrile‐based carbon fibers (CFs) have demonstrated unparalleled physical and mechanical properties and are considered a promising material for aerospace, transportation, medical devices, and other applications. However, the current understanding of the heterogeneous structure of carbon fiber is still vague, and the relationship between the heterogeneous structure and the mechanical properties of carbon fiber is also unclear. In this review, the literature on the radial heterogeneous structure of CFs is summarized from four points of view: morphological structure, physical properties and chemical structures, mechanical properties, and structural models by combining different characterization tools such as nanoindentation, nanoscale infrared spectroscopy, and synchrotron wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. First, the size and orientation of graphite microcrystalline, the degree of graphitization, density distribution, modulus distribution, chemical functional group distribution, and other physical and chemical properties of carbon fiber cross‐sectional structures are discussed. Afterward, the relationship between the mechanical properties of carbon fiber and the heterogeneous structure is analyzed. Finally, the currently accepted models of the heterogeneous structure of carbon fibers are summarized and made some suggestions for research on the heterogeneous structure of carbon fibers.

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Sulfur Immobilization by “Chemical Anchor” to Suppress the Diffusion of Polysulfides in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Zeng

Liu

2017

Adv Materials Inter

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Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is considered to be one of the most promising contenders for the next generation high‐energy storages due to their high theoretical energy density (≈2600 Wh kg−1), which is nearly five times higher than that of the commercial LiCoO2/graphite batteries. However, a series of issues especially for the dissolution of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and their “shuttle effect” greatly limit their widely commercial applications. Starting from a brief overview of conventional methods to solve these problems, the achievements spotlighted in this review mainly show that the diffusion of LiPSs can be effectively suppressed by forming strong “chemical anchor” between LiPSs and host materials. The synthetic methods and characterization techniques are reviewed according to different types of chemical bonding between LiPSs and the host materials. Theoretical calculation methods are also summarized here to further understanding the role of these “chemical anchors.” Proposing with some perspectives and future research efforts, this review is hoped to provide an in‐depth understanding and offer avenues in the rational design of Li–S batteries with long cycle life and high energy/power density in the near future.

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Investigation of progress of reactions and evolution of radial heterogeneity in the initial stage of thermal stabilization of PAN precursor fibres

Cited by 71 publications

References 35 publications

Influence of processing parameters on the properties of carbon fibres – an overview

Influence of processing parameters on the properties of carbon fibres – an overview

Advances in Insight of Radial Heterogeneous Microstructure and Its Relevance to Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylonitrile‐Based Carbon Fibers

Sulfur Immobilization by “Chemical Anchor” to Suppress the Diffusion of Polysulfides in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

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