“…Recently, energy-storage devices, such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors (SCs), have gained wide attention as electricity storage equipment for addressing the energy crises and environmental issues in this eld of ongoing research. 1,2 Generally, LIBs have high energy density and working potential windows but are restricted to low power density and cycle life, 3,4 whereas SCs are known for their high power density and excellent cycle life with the drawback of low energy density. Therefore, to address the energy gap between SCs and LIBs, lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) have been developed in the recent past.…”