Investigation of Regenerative Braking Performance of Brushless Direct Current Machine Drive System

Abstract

The brushless direct current (BLDC) machines which are preferred in light electric vehicles (LEVs) come forward as high regenerative braking capability machines due to their permanent magnet excitation and relatively simple operation. In this paper, the regenerative braking capability limits of BLDC machines and their drive circuits are examined by taking into account nonlinear circuit parameters and battery internal resistance variation. During energy recovery from mechanical port to electrical port, the inverter of BLDC machine is operated as a boost converter which enables power flow to a battery. However, the regeneration performance is also heavily dependant on the battery condition, particularly the temperature. By means of the developed detailed circuit model including the non-ideal effects of the boosting converter and the increase of the internal resistance variation which is caused by the temperature variation of the battery and ambient temperature, the specific duty cycle can be determined. The specific duty ratio is then applied in a proposed approach for various operation scenarios. The experimental tests are implemented by a 400 W BLDC machine drive system controlled via a TMS320F28335 digital signal processor. The experimental results show that the proposed comprehensive model presents a proper performance estimation of regenerative braking system under varying battery temperature.

Overview of Energy Harvesting Technologies Used in Road Vehicles

“…In the literature, you can find many works that refer to the recovery of energy from the braking force. Most of the studies, however, refer to EV [194,196,199,200] or hybrid vehicles [201][202][203], and only a few refer to those powered by an ICE [147,204] and other machines [205]. The reason for this may be achieving significantly lower benefits compared to hybrid or EV.…”

Design and analysis of reconfigurable sensorless brushless DC motor drive for regenerative braking and battery charging in electric vehicle

“…15 An analytical design of regenerative braking system for EVs is proposed without using extra power circuit. 16 Voltage source inverter is reconfigured as boost converter with motor winding as inductance to step up the back emf to required voltage level to charge the battery. 17,18 Thus, the past investigations present two methods of regenerative braking system.…”

Analysis of nonlinearLCcircuit by symplectic conservative perturbation method

“…Nowadays, nonlinear circuits are applied to communication and electronic systems widely (Kim et al , 2021; Kivanc and Ustun, 2021). As nonlinear circuits often contain basic nonlinear electric devices, such as capacitor, inductor, resistor and memristor (Bao et al , 2011; Kengne et al , 2017; Wu et al , 2016), which makes the process difficult to analyze the nonlinear properties by obtaining analytical solutions in most cases and so can be analyzed only numerically.…”