Investigation of Reported Aflatoxin Production by Fungi Outside the Aspergillus flavus Group

Wilson, Benjamin J.; Campbell, T. C.; Hayes, Annie; Hanlin, Richard T.

doi:10.1128/aem.16.6.819-821.1968

Cited by 38 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Of all the samples tested, only the corn held at 35 C and 26% moisture contained aflatoxin G1; all others contained only aflatoxins B1 and B2. In the rewet corn, higher aflatoxin levels were found at 30 and 35 C than at 24 C. This optimal temperature range (30 to 35 C) was somewhat higher than that found by Schindler et al (21), who obtained best production of aflatoxins between 25 and 35 C. These workers also demonstrated toxin production at 13 C; however, we were unable to detect aflatoxins in corn incubated at this temperature. This is most readily explained by the natural competition between the mycoflora in our samples, whereas Schindler et al used inocu-lated substrate.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 78%

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Effects of Moisture Content and Temperature on Aflatoxin Production in Corn 1

Trenk¹,

Hartman²

1970

Applied Microbiology

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Samples of freshly harvested and remoistened corn, of various moisture contents, were stored at different temperatures; analyses for aflatoxin content were made periodically. At moisture levels above 17.5% and at temperatures of 24 C or warmer, aflatoxins were formed by Aspergillusflavus present in the original epiphytic mycoflora. Remoistened dried corn was subject to more rapid fungal deterioration and aflatoxin formation than freshly harvested corn. Screening of the fungi present in the corn revealed aflatoxin production only by A. flavus. The toxigenic strains produced only aflatoxins B1 and B2. corn was remoistened to moisture contents of 17 to 26%, stored at 24, 30, and 35 C, and handled as previously described. Aflatoxins were determined by using the aqueous acetone extraction method of Pons et al. (17). The 781

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…High levels of aflatoxin (greater than 250 ng/g) have occurred in some batches of peanut and cottonseed meals (9). The problem of control of aflatoxin production in foodstuffs has been compounded by the implication of other aspergilli and penicillia as aflatoxin producers (7,10,11,22), although these results have recently been questioned (15,25).…”

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Effects of Moisture Content and Temperature on Aflatoxin Production in Corn 1

Trenk¹,

Hartman²

1970

Applied Microbiology

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“…Likewise, Parrish et al, (1966), found that no aflatoxins were produced by 45 strains of Aspergillus (which were not members of the A. flavus group) and 10 strains of Pénicillium. The findings presented here support those of Wilson et (1968) and Parrish et al (1966) that fungi from other than the A, flavus group are not likely to produce aflatoxins. However, owing to the extreme toxicity of the aflatoxins and the very versatile metabolic nature of the fungi, it may be regarded as still questionable Chloroform;acetone (9:1) .…”

Section: Screening Of Mold Isolates For Aflatoxin Productionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Growth and aflatoxin production by selected aspergilli on cured and aged meats

Bullerman

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“…

Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus (12). They are important for human beings because of their carcinogenic properties (1 3).

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Aflatoxin B1 in Feedstuffs

Strzelecki

Gasiorowska

2010

Zentralblatt Für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B

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Summary Cattle, sheep, poultry and swine feeds, protein concentrates, mineral, vitamin and antibiotic mixtures, Mikro and Polfamix additives, components, and other feeds (306 samples) were qualitatively and quantitatively investigated for the presence of aflatoxins. Out of all the samples aflatoxin contamination was found in 12.7% of assays. Poultry feeds were free of aflatoxins in 98.3%. Cattle and sheep feeds were not contaminated by aflatoxins in 97.3% and swine feeds were free of aflatoxins in 88.6%. Only 4.2% of total samples were contaminated by aflatoxins at a higher level than 100 μg./kg. A level of aflatoxins of 1000 μg./kg. was only found in 2.6% of samples examined. Out of all feed mixtures 7.3% of samples were contaminated by aflatoxins. Zusammenfassung Aflatoxin B1 in Futtermittel Futter für Rinder, Schafe, Geflügel und Schweine, Eiweißkonzentrate, Mineral‐, Vitamin‐ und Antibiotikamischungen, Mikro‐ und Polfamixadditive, Futterkomponenten und andere Futtermittel (306 Proben) wurden qualitativ und quantitativ auf ihren Aflatoxingehalt hin untersucht. In 12,7% der Fälle konnte eine Aflatoxinkontamination festgestellt werden. Die Geflügelfuttermittel waren zu 98,3% frei von Aflatoxinen; das Futter für Rinder und Schafe war zu 97,3% aflatoxinfrei, das für Schweine zu 88,6%. Nur 4,2% aller Proben enthielten mehr als 100 μg/kg Aflatoxine. Ein Aflatoxingehalt von 1000 μg/kg wurde nur in 2,6% der untersuchten Proben gefunden. 7,3% der Mischfutterproben waren mit Aflatoxinen kontaminiert. Résumé Aflatoxine B1 dans des aliments On a recherché qualitativement et quantitativement la teneur en aflatoxine dans des aliments pour bovins, moutons, volailles et porcs, dans des concentrés de protéines, des mélanges minéraux, vitaminés et d'antibiotiques, dans des additifs, des composants alimentaires et d'autres aliments (306 échantillons). Une contamination en aflatoxine fut constatée dans le 12,7% des cas. Le 98,3% des aliments pour volailles de contenait pas d'aflatoxine; le 97,3% des aliments pour bovins et moutons, et le 88,6% des aliments pour porcs furent également négatifs. Seul le 4,2% de tous les échantillons contenait plus que 100 μg/kg d'aflatoxine. On a trouvé 1000 μg/kg d'aflatoxine seulement dans 2,6% des échantillons. Le 7,3% des aliments mélangés ééait contaminé par des aflatoxines. Resumen Aflatoxina B1 en los piensos Cuali y cuantitativamente se analizaron en cuanto a su contenido en aflatoxinas piensos para vacunos, ovejas, aves, cerdos y concentrados proteicos, mezclas minerales, vitamínicas y antibióticas, aditivos micro y polfamíxicos, componentes de piensos y otros forrajes (306 muestras). En el 12,7% de los casos se pudo establecer una contaminación por aflatoxinas. Los piensos para aves se hallaban libres de aflatoxinas en un 98,3%; los piensos para vacunos y ovinos estaban libres de aflatoxinas en un 97,3%, mientras que los correspondientes para cerdos en un 88,6%. Solo el 4,2% de todas las muestras contenían más de 100 μg/kg de aflatoxinas. Un contenido en aflatoxina de 1.000 μg/kg no se ha...

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Investigation of Reported Aflatoxin Production by Fungi Outside the Aspergillus flavus Group

Cited by 38 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of Moisture Content and Temperature on Aflatoxin Production in Corn 1

Effects of Moisture Content and Temperature on Aflatoxin Production in Corn 1

Growth and aflatoxin production by selected aspergilli on cured and aged meats

Aflatoxin B1 in Feedstuffs

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