Investigation of Resilience Characteristics of Unbound Granular Materials for Sustainable Pavements

Ullah, Salamat; Jamal, Arshad; Almoshaogeh, Meshal; Alharbi, Fawaz; Hussain, Jawad

doi:10.3390/su14116874

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The resilient modulus can be determined by utilizing triaxial testing in the laboratory, which is conducted by applying a repeated axial cyclic stress of fixed magnitude, load duration, and cycle duration to a cylindrical test specimen [35,36]. Considering elastic deformation, the most appropriate stiffness modulus to capture the mechanical behavior of the unbound materials is the resilient modulus MR.…”

Section: Resilient Modulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pavement Analysis with the Consideration of Unbound Granular Material Nonlinearity

Gkyrtis

2023

Designs

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Accurate pavement design and evaluation requires the execution of response analysis. Pavement materials’ behavior does not necessarily conform to the assumptions of the multi-linear elastic theory usually adopted during pavement analysis. In particular, the unbound granular materials located in the base and sub-base layers behave in a nonlinear elastic manner, which can be captured through advanced constitutive modeling of their resilient modulus. The finite element method enables us to code constitutive models and quantify potential variations in pavement responses because of different mechanistic assumptions. In this study, variations in response are investigated for a typical structure of a flexible pavement considering the nonlinear anisotropic behavior of the unbound materials together with their initial stress–strain state. To demonstrate the impact of their behavior on the outcome of pavement analysis, variable asphalt concrete layer thicknesses and moduli are assumed, such that they cover a large spectrum of roadways. It was found that pavement responses can be calculated up to 3.5 times higher than those retrieved from the conventional linear analysis. This comparison means that the alterative mechanistic modeling of the unbound granular materials can be proved to be more conservative (i.e., leading to higher strains) in terms of pavement design and analysis. From a practical perspective, this study alerts pavement scientists and engineers engaged in pavement design to a more reliable performance prediction, which is needed to bridge the gap between advanced modeling and routine analysis.

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Section: Resilient Modulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resilient Modulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pavement Analysis with the Consideration of Unbound Granular Material Nonlinearity

Gkyrtis

2023

Designs

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“…The resilient modulus is not only a mechanical index reflecting the deformation resistance of the roadbed but is also a key parameter in the design of road structure 1 – 3 . The resilient modulus is the ratio of stress to the corresponding strain of road materials under load and is an effective index for characterizing the elastic deformation characteristics of subgrade soil, which has been widely used in road design 4 – 6 . Based on an in-depth analysis of the subgrade resilient modulus ( E 0 ), many scholars and research institutions worldwide have found that the dynamic resilient modulus ( M R ) is more consistent with the actual mechanical characteristics of roads 7 – 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on correlation between dynamic resilient modulus and CBR of coarse-grained chlorine saline soil

Deng,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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A large area of coarse-grained saline soil is distributed in saline soil areas, and chlorine saline soil with a high salt content is a typical representative. The dynamic resilient modulus was accurately predicted using the California-bearing ratio (CBR) value to determine the relationship between the dynamic resilient modulus of coarse-grained chloride saline soil and its CBR value. Indoor dynamic triaxial tests and CBR tests were conducted to investigate the evolution of the dynamic resilient modulus (MR) and CBR of coarse-grained chlorine saline soil under the influence of the stress level, water content, and salt content. The test results showed that the dynamic resilient modulus increased with an increase in the confining pressure and bulk stress and decreased as the deviator stress increased; however, the CBR increased with an increase in the corresponding unit pressure. The higher the salt and water contents, the more obvious the influence of stress on the dynamic resilient modulus and CBR value. Under the same stress level, the decrease in the dynamic resilient modulus and CBR gradually increased with increasing salt and moisture content, and the effect of salt tended to be more significant than that of water. Based on the correlation between the dynamic resilient modulus and CBR revealed by the experiment, a more widely applicable model was selected from the existing theoretical models related to CBR for the regression analysis of the test data, and a prediction model of the dynamic resilient modulus based on the CBR value was proposed (MR = 21.06CBR0.52). This prediction model had a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.893) and could effectively predict the dynamic resilient modulus of coarse-grained chlorine saline soil using CBR values. The results provide a simple and reliable method for determining the design parameters of a coarse-grained saline soil subgrade.

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“…They proposed a new model to calculate the resilient modulus of this base considering the effect of grading, fraction between crushed stones and moisture. Furthermore, Ullah et al (2022) modified the Uzan model by considering the influence of grading, stress level and moisture content. That modification was based on the linear relationship between the resilience modulus and moisture observed in laboratory triaxial test results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical performance of asphalt pavement with orthotropic unbound granular sub-base under vehicle load

Gao,

Hlupo,

Qian

et al. 2023

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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The nonlinear mechanical response and orthotropy are the main properties of an unbound granular material as a sub-base in an asphalt pavement. To investigate the impact of stress and orthotropy characteristics simultaneously in an unbound granular sub-base, a constitutive relation and a finite model were proposed. The distribution of the sub-base resilience modulus and dynamic response of the pavement under vehicle loads were calculated. The results show an increase in the resilience modulus with a decrease in the orthotropic coefficient. Stress and orthotropy affect the stress distribution near the pavement layer, and vehicle velocity significantly impacts the vertical displacement.

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Investigation of Resilience Characteristics of Unbound Granular Materials for Sustainable Pavements

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

Pavement Analysis with the Consideration of Unbound Granular Material Nonlinearity

Pavement Analysis with the Consideration of Unbound Granular Material Nonlinearity

Research on correlation between dynamic resilient modulus and CBR of coarse-grained chlorine saline soil

Mechanical performance of asphalt pavement with orthotropic unbound granular sub-base under vehicle load

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