Investigation of Rheological Properties of Polyacrylamide/Chromium Triacetate Hydrogels Performed for Water Shutoff Treatment in Oil Reservoirs

Rafipoor, Majid; Sefti, Mohsen Vafaie; Salimi, Farhad; Jarrahian, Khosrow; Ghorashi, Seyyed Saeed

doi:10.1080/01932691.2013.773446

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In our previous studies, the entire process of the cross-linking reaction of the HPAM/Cr 3+ system was divided into two types. One is the intramolecular cross-linking reaction that occurs via Cr 3+ cross-linking the different carboxyls within the same HPAM molecules, and the other is the intermolecular cross-linking reaction that occurs via Cr 3+ cross-linking the different carboxyls of different HPAM molecules . Therefore, one of the main objectives of this paper is to ascertain the mechanism of the influence of the M w of the HPAM on the intramolecular and intermolecular cross-linking reaction of the HPAM/Cr 3+ system under different conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) Molecular Weight on the Cross-Linking Reaction of the HPAM/Cr³⁺ System and Transportation of the HPAM/Cr³⁺ System in Microfractures

Zhang¹,

Zheng²,

et al. 2016

Energy Fuels

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The influence of the molecular weight (M w ) of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) on the cross-linking reaction of HPAM/Cr 3+ and the transportation of HPAM/Cr 3+ in microfractures is systematically studied using viscometry, ultraviolet− visible absorption spectrophotometry, and displacement experiment with a visual microfractured model. The results show that a high-M w HPAM is advantageous to the intramolecular cross-linking reaction of the HPAM/Cr 3+ system but disadvantageous to the transportation of the HPAM/Cr 3+ system in microfractures. At the intramolecular cross-linking stage, the injection pressure of the HPAM/Cr 3+ system in microfractures is almost equal to that of the HPAM solution, which undergoes no change with the degree of the cross-linking reaction. The higher the HPAM M w , the earlier the intramolecular cross-linking ends (thus, the intermolecular cross-linking reaction of HPAM/Cr 3+ occurs earlier, which leads to an earlier increase in the injection pressure of the HPAM/Cr 3+ system). Moreover, there is a matching relationship between the fracture aperture and the HPAM/Cr 3+ system to minimize the chromatographic separation when the HPAM/Cr 3+ system transports in the microfracture. For the conformance control of a fractured tight oil reservoir, we conclude that an HPAM/Cr 3+ system with a low-M w HPAM can more easily enter the deep reservoir to expand the swept volume on a larger scale. However, the system with a high-M w HPAM can form a gel with a higher viscosity to produce a higher plugging strength.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) Molecular Weight on the Cross-Linking Reaction of the HPAM/Cr³⁺ System and Transportation of the HPAM/Cr³⁺ System in Microfractures

Zhang¹,

Zheng²,

et al. 2016

Energy Fuels

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“…To date, the microstructure and morphology of the gel is clearly understood. Rafipoor et al 11 suggested that the gel was formed by the polynuclear olation complex ion of chromium cross-linking the carboxyl of the HPAM molecule. Besides, Chen et al 12 thought the fractal structure was composed of nanoscale particles that were tightly packed together based on observations of the microstructure of colloidal dispersion gel of HPAM/Cr 3+ by atomic force microscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism Study of the Cross-Linking Reaction of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide/Ac₃Cr in Formation Water

2015

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The mechanism of the cross-linking reaction between hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) and chromium acetate in formation water was systematically studied by viscometry, ultraviolet-visual absorption spectrometry, and core flow experiments. The results show that the process and outcome of the cross-linking reaction between HPAM and chromium acetate is significantly affected by salinity. In formation water, chromium acetate cannot cross-link HPAM when the salinity is too low. With an increase of salinity, the cross-linking reaction occurs, and the degree of the reaction increases to a balance point. When the cross-linking reaction occurs, two different types of the reaction appear under different salinity. The intramolecular crosslinking reaction is the first to happen, whether under high salinity or under low salinity. In this stage, the cross-linking reaction is a first-order reaction and plays a greater role in the whole process of the reaction due to its higher reaction rate and higher reaction degree. Next, the intramolecular cross-linking continues to occur if the formation water is in the low salinity range, but the intermolecular cross-linking reaction occurs if the formation water is in the high salinity range. In this stage, the cross-linking reaction is a multistage reaction. Meanwhile, the experiments quantify a matching relationship between cations in the formation water and the profile control and oil displacement agent. The experimental results in this paper can provide theoretical guidance for the practical application of profile control and oil displacement using HPAM/Ac 3 Cr.

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“…However, the rate of increase of G ′ is much higher than that of G ″, which shows the elastic properties of the gelling hydrogel have begun to dominate and G ′ crossovers G ″ at 496 sec. The time required for the crossover is referred to gelation point . It was observed that the gelation point was around 8 min.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The time required for the crossover is referred to gelation point. [33] It was observed that the gelation point was around 8 min. The gelation process is assumed to be complete when elastic modulus and viscous modulus reach a plateau value with time.…”

Section: Rheological Behaviormentioning

confidence: 97%

Study of the polymer concentration and polymer/crosslinker ratio effect on gelation time of a novel grafted polymer gel for water shutoff using a central composite design method

Singh

Mahto

2015

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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In this research article, a hydrogel was prepared by crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose-g-polyacrylamide copolymer aqueous solution with chromium(III) acetate for the purpose of a water shutoff job in the oil reservoir. The experiments were conducted to investigate the main effects of copolymer concentration and crosslinker/copolymer ratio on gelation time of the hydrogel system. Then the effects of these two factors and their interactions on the gelation time were determined by using a central composite design (CCD) of the response surface method. CCD was used to generate the quadratic mathematical model for the gelation time response as a function of copolymer concentration, crosslinker/copolymer ratio, and their interaction. Furthermore, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the quality of the quadratic model. The ANOVA result of the developed model showed that the model was highly significant. The result also showed that the crosslinker/polymer ratio had more effects on the gelation time than did the polymer concentration and their interaction. A response surface method provides an optimum gel formulation. Core flooding experiments reveal that a significant permeability reduction on the sand pack cores can be achieved at reservoir conditions, when it is treated with an optimum gel formulation. Hence, this gel system may be suitable in the water shutoff job required for enhanced oil recovery from the oil fields. Copyright

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Investigation of Rheological Properties of Polyacrylamide/Chromium Triacetate Hydrogels Performed for Water Shutoff Treatment in Oil Reservoirs

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Influence of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) Molecular Weight on the Cross-Linking Reaction of the HPAM/Cr³⁺ System and Transportation of the HPAM/Cr³⁺ System in Microfractures

Influence of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) Molecular Weight on the Cross-Linking Reaction of the HPAM/Cr³⁺ System and Transportation of the HPAM/Cr³⁺ System in Microfractures

Mechanism Study of the Cross-Linking Reaction of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide/Ac₃Cr in Formation Water

Study of the polymer concentration and polymer/crosslinker ratio effect on gelation time of a novel grafted polymer gel for water shutoff using a central composite design method

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Investigation of Rheological Properties of Polyacrylamide/Chromium Triacetate Hydrogels Performed for Water Shutoff Treatment in Oil Reservoirs

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Influence of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) Molecular Weight on the Cross-Linking Reaction of the HPAM/Cr3+ System and Transportation of the HPAM/Cr3+ System in Microfractures

Influence of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) Molecular Weight on the Cross-Linking Reaction of the HPAM/Cr3+ System and Transportation of the HPAM/Cr3+ System in Microfractures

Mechanism Study of the Cross-Linking Reaction of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide/Ac3Cr in Formation Water

Study of the polymer concentration and polymer/crosslinker ratio effect on gelation time of a novel grafted polymer gel for water shutoff using a central composite design method

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Influence of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) Molecular Weight on the Cross-Linking Reaction of the HPAM/Cr³⁺ System and Transportation of the HPAM/Cr³⁺ System in Microfractures

Influence of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) Molecular Weight on the Cross-Linking Reaction of the HPAM/Cr³⁺ System and Transportation of the HPAM/Cr³⁺ System in Microfractures

Mechanism Study of the Cross-Linking Reaction of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide/Ac₃Cr in Formation Water