Investigation of risk factors for <i>Salmonella</i> on commercial egg‐laying farms in Great Britain, 2004–2005

Snow, L. C.; Davies, Rob; Christiansen, K. H.; Carrique-Mas, Juan; Cook, A. J. C.; Evans, S. J.

doi:10.1136/vr.b4801

Cited by 70 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Boot hygiene is also a very important biosecurity measure, especially on farms with barn or free-range units. This can reduce the risk of Salmonella and other endemic diseases being brought onto the farm and prevent infection spreading between houses (Snow et al, 2010); however, boot dips alone are not an adequate measure, especially if they are not well maintained. Many disinfectants used in boot dips are susceptible to dilution either from rainwater, if they are not covered, or from organic matter, if dirty boots are not cleaned prior to being dipped (McLaren et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hand hygiene is a key factor in the transmission of foodborne diseases and one of the least costly interventions to implement (Todd et al, 2010). Hand washing and sanitisation reduces the possible transfer of disease into the houses or between houses (Snow et al, 2010), as well as protecting the handler from potentially zoonotic diseases (El-Tras et al, 2010). The combination of a regular hand washing regime combined with an alcohol-based antiseptic (at 70% alcohol) is the most effective way to maintain good hand hygiene, especially when heavily soiled (Todd et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of the official sampling of flocks of laying hens in theSalmonellaNational Control Programme in Great Britain

Gosling

Martelli

Sayers

et al. 2014

British Poultry Science

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In line with European legislation and the UK National Control Programme for Salmonella, poultry farms are sampled to establish their Salmonella status. Regular samples are collected by the farmer (operator), with annual routine (official) samples being collected by the competent authority to verify achievement of the Salmonella programme reduction target. To confirm sampling was being carried out effectively, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted. The aim was to identify any complicating factors the samplers encountered and the decisions made in these circumstances. There was good compliance with the official sampling visits, with few delays reported. However, farm-specific clothing/separate boots for non-caged houses were rarely provided by the operator, whereas boot dips and hand washing facilities were usually available. The collection of dust was often a problem for official samplers, operator boot swabs were not always moistened before sampling and both sampler groups did not always follow the recommended method for the collection of faeces from belts and scrapers. Overall, there was a good application of the sampling protocol, although a few areas for improvement were identified.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the official sampling of flocks of laying hens in theSalmonellaNational Control Programme in Great Britain

Gosling

Martelli

Sayers

et al. 2014

British Poultry Science

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“…Mice had a pivotal role in the origins of Salmonella Enteritidis in poultry (Henzler & Opitz 1992;Davies & Wray 1995) and inadequate rodent control has been classed as a high risk factor for S. enteritidis in layer flocks (Snow et al 2010) and Campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks (Sommer et al 2013).…”

Section: Potential For Contact Between Rodents and Poultrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of rodents in avian influenza outbreaks in poultry farms: a review

Velkers

Blokhuis

Kroeze³

et al. 2017

Veterinary Quarterly

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Wild migratory birds are associated with global avian influenza virus (AIV) spread. Although direct contact with wild birds and contaminated fomites is unlikely in modern non-free range poultry farms applying biosecurity measures, AIV outbreaks still occur. This suggests involvement of other intermediate factors for virus transmission between wild birds and poultry. This review describes current evidence of the potential role of rodents in AIV transmission from wild birds to poultry and between poultry houses. Rodents can be abundant around poultry houses, share their habitat with waterfowl and can readily enter poultry houses. Survival of AIV from waterfowl in poultry house surroundings and on the coat of rodents suggests that rodents are likely to act as mechanical vector. AIVs can replicate in rodents without adaptation, resulting in high viral titres in lungs and nasal turbinates, virus presence in nasal washes and saliva, and transmission to na€ ıve contact animals. Therefore, active AIV shedding by infected rodents may play a role in transmission to poultry. Further field and experimental studies are needed to provide evidence for a role of rodents in AIV epidemiology. Making poultry houses rodent-proof and the immediate surroundings unattractive for rodents are recommended as preventive measures against possible AIV introduction.

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“…Studies have shown that the use of boot dips can be helpful in controlling the spread of bacteria belonging to Salmonella and Campylobacter by reducing the introduction of pathogens from outside the poultry houses into the animal housing (Cummings et al, 2012;Newell et al, 2011;Snow et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%