Investigation of roller-integrated compaction monitoring and in-situ testing technologies for characterization of pavement foundation layers

Simulation of Lightweight Deflectometer Measurements Considering Nonlinear Behavior of Geomaterials

“…Several state highway agencies around the United States are gradually transitioning from density-based tests to modulus-based tests for earthwork quality control-quality assurance (1). Lightweight deflectometers (LWDs) have been gaining popularity as a practical tool for this purpose.…”

“…Several aspects of the LWD tests may require further considerations for effective and defensible implementation and for developing generic manufacturerindependent specifications. For instance, one factor that significantly influences the reported surface modulus is the diameter of the loading plate (1). Other factors such as the loading rate, buffer stiffness, plate contact stress, and plate rigidity also contribute significantly to the measured responses of LWDs (2).…”