Investigation of serum IGF-I levels amongst diabetic and non-diabetic cats

Starkey, Simon R.; Tan, Kris; Church, David

doi:10.1016/j.jfms.2004.01.002

Cited by 38 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with those in previous publications. 6,c However, increased IGF-1 concentrations previously were detected in nonacromegalic diabetic cats, 10,11 as was the case in 1 cat in the present study. No evidence of a pituitary abnormality was found on histopathology during postmortem examination of this latter cat.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…2,3 Because of the limited availability of fGH assessment, IGF-1 has been used as an aid in the diagnosis of acromegaly. 6 However, increased IGF-1 concentrations have been reported not only in acromegalic cats but also in nonacromegalic insulin-resistant diabetic cats, 10,11 suggesting the possibility of false positive results. In addition, Norman and Mooney 6 found normal IGF-1 concentrations at initial presentation in 1 cat later diagnosed with acromegaly (although increased serum IGF-1 concentration eventually was documented on measurement).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Feline Acromegaly: An Underdiagnosed Endocrinopathy?

Niessen

Petrie

Gaudiano

et al. 2007

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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130

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Background: Feline acromegaly has been reported infrequently in the veterinary literature and current knowledge of this endocrinopathy is based on limited numbers of animals with relatively advanced clinical signs. Hypothesis: This study was undertaken to screen diabetic cats for the presence of acromegaly. Animals: Diabetic cats with variable control examined by general practitioners in the United Kingdom. Methods: Blood samples were screened for the possible presence of acromegaly with basal serum concentrations of insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and, when available, feline growth hormone (fGH). In patients with markedly increased IGF‐1 concentrations intracranial computed tomography (CT) was offered, and in selected cats additional imaging was performed. Results: IGF‐1 was determined in 184 variably controlled diabetic cats; 59 cats had markedly increased IGF‐1 concentrations (.1,000 ng/mL; reference interval, 208–443 ng/mL). Eighteen cats subsequently were examined, and acromegaly was confirmed in 17 cats. Notable findings included absence of a detectable pituitary mass lesion in some affected cats regardless of whether CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used. Hypertension was not found to be a complication in the evaluated cats and respiratory stridor was more prevalent than previously reported. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Measurement of IGF‐1, growth hormone (GH), or both is useful in the diagnosis of acromegaly in cats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Acromegaly: An Underdiagnosed Endocrinopathy?

Niessen

Petrie

Gaudiano

et al. 2007

Veterinary Internal Medicne

Self Cite

130

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“…Serum IGF-I concentrations are decreased in humans with insulindependent diabetes mellitus and are decreased in newly diagnosed untreated diabetic cats, compared with healthy cats, presumably because of decreased portal blood insulin concentrations. 18,25,26 In a recent study, serum IGF-I concentration increased after initiation of insulin treatment in a group of newly diagnosed diabetic cats, although serum IGF-I concentrations remained within or below the reference range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Insulin‐Like Growth Factor‐I Concentration in Cats with Diabetes Mellitus and Acromegaly

Berg

Nelson

Feldman

et al. 2007

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has been used in place of serum growth hormone quantification for identifying acromegaly in diabetic cats. The utility of IGF-I as a screening test for acromegaly has not been critically evaluated. This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of serum IGF-I concentration for identifying acromegaly.Hypothesis: Serum IGF-I is a useful screening test for acromegaly in diabetic cats. Animals: A review was made of the medical records of 74 diabetic cats that had serum IGF-I quantified. The diabetes was classified as well controlled (15 cats), poorly controlled because of problems with the insulin treatment regimen, concurrent disease, or both (40), or poorly controlled with clinical findings consistent with acromegaly (19).Methods: A review of medical records was made.Results: Serum IGF-I concentration was significantly (P , .0001) increased in acromegalic diabetic cats, compared with well-controlled and poorly controlled diabetic cats. Sensitivity and specificity for serum IGF-I concentration were 84% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5 60.4-96.6%) and 92% (95% CI 5 81.3-97.2%), respectively. There was no significant correlation between serum IGF-I concentration and duration of insulin treatment (r 5 0.23, P 5 .089), insulin dosage (r 5 0.14, P 5 .30), age (r 5 0.16, P 5 .12), and pituitary volume (r 5 0.40, P 5 .11), but a modest correlation was found between serum IGF-I concentration and body weight (r 5 0.48, P , .0001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Results support the use of serum IGF-I concentration as a screening test for acromegaly in diabetic cats that have clinical findings supportive of the disease.

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“…2) on the male cat and broad facial features on both cats have been observed, all features representative for acromegaly . Overgrowth of soft, skeletal and cartilage tissue and organomegaly are caused by the anabolic effect of not only GH, but also insulin like growth factor -1 (IGF-1), which is produced mainly by the liver, under the direct in luence of high concentrations of GH (Niessen, 2010;Rijnberk et al, 2003;Starkey et al, 2004). Acromegaly is characterized by slow, progressive, somatic dis igurement, involving mainly the face, extremities and internal organs (Chanson et al, 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Underlying endocrinopathies such as hypersomathotropism, hyperadrenocorticism and hyperthyroidism evolve with high concentrations of insulin antagonist hormones which in turn will lead to an overproduction of insulin by the pancreas, to the exhaustion and shutdown of β-cells (Behrend and Kemppainen, 1997;Middleton and Watson, 1985;Peterson, 2007;Zini et al, 2010). Hypersomatotropism in cats, as in humans, is caused by a functional somatotrophic adenoma developed on growth hormone (GH) producing cells of the pars distalis in the anterior pituitary gland (Niessen, 2010;Rijnberk et al, 2003;Starkey et al, 2004). Insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus induced by GH and IGF-1 is the result of down regulation of insulin receptors and post-receptor defects in glucose transport .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Hypersomatotropism, an Important Cause for the Failure of Insulin Therapy

Rosca¹,

Musteață²,

Solcan³

et al. 2014

BUASVMCN-VM

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Hypersomathotropism is an important feline endocrinopathy, induced by a pituitary growth hormone secreting adenoma. Up until present, most of the diagnosed acromegalic cats were diagnosed previously with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Hypersomathotropism needs imperative exclusion when dealing with poor blood glucose control and insulin resistance. The present paper describes hypersomathotropism diagnosis protocol in two insulin resistant diabetic felines.Two diabetic domestic short hair cats presenting marked insulin resistance and poor blood glucose control were evaluated. Diagnosis protocol included anamnesis, physical evaluation and general and speci ic biochemistry analysis. Diagnosis con irmation was obtained on contrast enhanced intracranial MRI and morphopathological examination.Both cases displayed marked insulin resistance with 1.5 IU/kg/administration in the male cat (10.5 IU/administration) and 2.4 I.U./kg/administration in the female cat (12 I.U./administration). On physical examination have been observed a slight inferior prognathia on the female cat, clubbed paws on the male cat, broad facial features and obesity (female: 5kg; male: 7 kg). Repeated blood glucose curves con irmed persistent hyperglycaemia >450 mg/dl (61-124 mg/dl) with different doses of insulin. Speci ic biochemistry revealed an increased concentration of insulin like growth factor-1 determination >1000 ng/ml (208 -443 ng/ml), above the cut-off for hypersomathotropism diagnosis. Contrast enhanced MRI revealed an enlarged pituitary gland con irming hypersomathotropism. Haematoxylin eosin examination of the pituitary tissue revealed acidophilic cells consistent with growth hormone producing cells.Systemic manifestations are masked by diabetes mellitus clinical signs leading to a high error degree in diagnostic establishment and administration of highly dangerous doses of insulin. With accurate diagnosis, case management and speci ic treatment can be applied accordingly and in the favor of patient quality of life.

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Investigation of serum IGF-I levels amongst diabetic and non-diabetic cats

Cited by 38 publications

References 27 publications

Feline Acromegaly: An Underdiagnosed Endocrinopathy?

Feline Acromegaly: An Underdiagnosed Endocrinopathy?

Serum Insulin‐Like Growth Factor‐I Concentration in Cats with Diabetes Mellitus and Acromegaly

Feline Hypersomatotropism, an Important Cause for the Failure of Insulin Therapy

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