Investigation of sex differences in delusion-associated cognitive biases

Vos, Chloé de; Leanza, Letizia; Mackintosh, Amatya; Lüdtke, Thies; Balzan, Ryan; Moritz, Steffen; Andreou, Christina

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.121

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In contrast, some earlier studies suggested that women exhibit greater cognitive impairment [27]. Lastly, some studies showed no statistically signifi cant diff erence in cognition between patients of different gender, which correlates with the results of this study [28][29][30]. Th is inconsistency of the results is probably due to diff erent strategies in sampling patients, their inadequate pairing or inadequate sample size.…”

Section: Number Of Patientscontrasting

confidence: 46%

The influence of typical and atypical antipsychotics on neurocognitive functions in patients with psychotic disorders

Javorac¹,

Janjić²,

Živanović³

et al. 2019

Hosp Pharm Int Multi J

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Introduction: Although before, the prioritization of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia over neurocognitive impairment was of the highest importance, recent scientifi c achievements suggest that the disrupted neurocognitive functions are the core clinical feature of schizophrenia. Both general and specifi c cognitive functions are impaired. Earlier studies promoted atypical antipsychotics as the ones with the pro-cognitive eff ect, but an increasing number of recent studies do not demonstrate their superiority on neurocognitive improvement over typical antipsychotics. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the eff ects of atypical antipsychotics and a combination of typical and atypical antipsychotics on cognitive functions in patients with psychotic disorders. Furthermore, the eff ects on gender and duration of disorder on the cognitive functioning of patients on diff erent types of antipsychotic therapy were evaluated, as well as the eff ect of anticholinergic biperiden in patients receiving combined antipsychotic therapy. Subjects and Methods: This academic IV phase quasi-experimental clinical study included 50 hospitalized patients at the Clinic for Psychiatry at the Clinical Center of Vojvodina, who were divided into two groups of 25 subjects-one consisted of patients who had been on treatment with atypical antipsychotics for six weeks at least, while the second group included patients who had been on combined therapy with typical and atypical antipsychotics for minimum of six weeks. Within the second group, two subgroups could have been recognized; one with 12 patients who were co-medicated with anticholinergic biperidine, whilst the rest of 13 patients were using only combined antipsychotic therapy. All patients' cognitive functions were tested using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the results have been analyzed and compared using t-test.

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Section: Number Of Patientscontrasting

confidence: 46%

The influence of typical and atypical antipsychotics on neurocognitive functions in patients with psychotic disorders

Javorac¹,

Janjić²,

Živanović³

et al. 2019

Hosp Pharm Int Multi J

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“…We would like to highlight that our validation study sample had a similar proportion of men and women. To date, few studies have analyzed the presence of sex differences concerning cognitive biases in psychosis, finding no significant differences (66,67). However, de Vos et al (66) suggest the possibility of a subtle effect of sex differences related to delusion-associated cognitive biases, which is necessary to carry out more extensive studies with more statistical power to detect it (65).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, few studies have analyzed the presence of sex differences concerning cognitive biases in psychosis, finding no significant differences (66,67). However, de Vos et al (66) suggest the possibility of a subtle effect of sex differences related to delusion-associated cognitive biases, which is necessary to carry out more extensive studies with more statistical power to detect it (65). Indeed sex differences in cognitive biases could be expected because of these biases' link to neuropsychological performance (19,68,69) and global functioning (70) and the previously found differences between men and women concerning these domains (71,72).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQp): Spanish Validation and Relationship With Cognitive Insight in Psychotic Patients

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Cognitive biases are key factors in the development and persistence of delusions in psychosis. The Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQp) is a new self-reported questionnaire of 30 relevant situations to evaluate five types of cognitive biases in psychosis. In the context of the validation of the Spanish version of the CBQp, our objectives were to (1) analyze the factorial structure of the questionnaire with a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), (2) relate cognitive biases with a widely used scale in the field of delusion cognitive therapies for assessing metacognition, specifically, Beck's Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) (1), and, finally, (3) associate cognitive biases with delusional experiences, evaluated with the Peters Delusions Inventory (PDI) (2).Materials and Methods: An authorized Spanish version of the CBQp, by a translation and back-translation procedure, was obtained. A sample of 171 patients with different diagnoses of psychoses was included. A CFA was used to test three different construct models. Associations between CBQp biases, the BCIS, and the PDI were made by correlation and mean differences. Comparisons of the CBQp scores between a control group and patients with psychosis were analyzed.Results: The CFA showed comparative fit index (CFI) values of 0.94 and 0.95 for the models with one, two, and five factors, with root mean square error of approximation values of 0.031 and 0.029. The CBQp reliability was 0.87. Associations between cognitive biases, self-certainty, and cognitive insight subscales of the BCIS were found. Similarly, associations between total punctuation, conviction, distress, and concern subscales of the PDI were also found. When compared with the group of healthy subjects, patients with psychoses scored significantly higher in several cognitive biases.Conclusion: Given the correlation between biases, a one-factor model might be more appropriate to explain the scale's underlying construct. Biases were associated with a greater frequency of delusions, distress, conviction, and concern as well as worse cognitive insight in patients with psychosis.

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“…Research exploring sex differences in social cognition and metacognition is inconclusive, probably due to the tendency to present averaged results [37]. A majority of studies have failed to find significant differences between sexes in social cognition [38][39][40] or metacognition [41,42]. However, exploring differences in social cognition and metacognition beyond mean differences has often led to the discovery of important results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Males and females with first episode psychosis present distinct profiles of social cognition and metacognition

Ferrer-Quintero

Fernández

Lorente-Rovira

et al. 2022

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Deficits in social cognition and metacognition impact the course of psychosis. Sex differences in social cognition and metacognition could explain heterogeneity in psychosis. 174 (58 females) patients with first-episode psychosis completed a clinical, neuropsychological, social cognitive, and metacognitive assessment. Subsequent latent profile analysis split by sex yielded two clusters common to both sexes (a Homogeneous group, 53% and 79.3%, and an Indecisive group, 18.3% and 8.6% of males and females, respectively), a specific male profile characterized by presenting jumping to conclusions (28.7%) and a specific female profile characterized by cognitive biases (12.1%). Males and females in the homogeneous profile seem to have a more benign course of illness. Males with jumping to conclusions had more clinical symptoms and more neuropsychological deficits. Females with cognitive biases were younger and had lower self-esteem. These results suggest that males and females may benefit from specific targeted treatment and highlights the need to consider sex when planning interventions.

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Investigation of sex differences in delusion-associated cognitive biases

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

The influence of typical and atypical antipsychotics on neurocognitive functions in patients with psychotic disorders

The influence of typical and atypical antipsychotics on neurocognitive functions in patients with psychotic disorders

Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQp): Spanish Validation and Relationship With Cognitive Insight in Psychotic Patients

Males and females with first episode psychosis present distinct profiles of social cognition and metacognition

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