Investigation of shielding material properties for effective space radiation protection

Naito, Masayuki; Kodaira, Satoshi; Ogawara, Ryo; Tobita, K.; Someya, Youji; Kusumoto, Tetsuya; Kusano, Hiroki; Kitamura, Hisashi; Koike, Masamune; Uchihori, Y.; Yamanaka, Masahiro; Mikoshiba, Ryo; Endo, Toshiaki; Kiyono, Naoki; Hagiwara, Yusuke; Kodama, Hiroaki; Matsuo, Shinobu; Takami, Yasuhiro; Sato, Toyoto; Orimo, Shin Ichi

doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2020.05.001

Cited by 69 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Our atmosphere's shielding can be seen as being equivalent to a 10 m high water column, while a spacecraft is only equivalent to a 20 cm water column and a spacesuit is equivalent to 1.5 cm water column [39]. As cosmic radiation is also different in nature, shields should be several meters thick (and composed of materials with different atomic mass) to completely shield astronauts, which is technically impossible today [40]. Hence, radiation is mitigated by partial protective shielding (with lower atomic mass materials such as hydrogen content materials), by shielding responses to dosimeters, alerts, and radiation sensors.…”

Section: Trends Trends In In Biotechnology Biotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

What can biofabrication do for space and what can space do for biofabrication?

Moroni

Tabury

Stenuit³

et al. 2022

Trends in Biotechnology

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Biofabrication in space is one of the novel promising and prospective research directions in the rapidly emerging field of space STEM. There are several advantages of biofabrication in space. Under microgravity, it is possible to engineer constructs using more fluidic channels and thus more biocompatible bioinks. Microgravity enables biofabrication of tissue and organ constructs of more complex geometries, thus facilitating novel scaffold-, label-, and nozzle-free technologies based on multi-levitation principles. However, when exposed to microgravity and cosmic radiation, biofabricated tissues could be used to study pathophysiological phenomena that will be useful on Earth and for deep space manned missions. Here, we provide leading concepts about the potential mutual benefits of the application of biofabrication technologies in space.Setting the stage: biofabrication, organoids, and space Biofabrication (see Glossary) technologies, and in particular bioprinting, hold the promise to create 3D in vitro models that exquisitely mimic the complexity of our tissues and organs [1]. These models can be used to study the physiology of tissues and organs exposed to a variety of environmental conditions, such as microgravity (μg) and radiation, as encountered in space. Knowledge acquired from these models is crucial to understand the biological effects of the space environment for long-term manned missions, such as outlined in the 'Moon village' and 'Mission to Mars' programs (

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Section: Trends Trends In In Biotechnology Biotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

What can biofabrication do for space and what can space do for biofabrication?

Moroni

Tabury

Stenuit³

et al. 2022

Trends in Biotechnology

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“…Track registration property of PADC detectors are hardly affected by Low-LET (Linear Energy Transfer), radiations, electrons, X rays and gamma rays, at absorbed doses below about 10 kGy. This property has been used, in various branches of science and technology related to mixed radiation fields, for experiments on the inertial confinement fusion for instance [3], the diagnosis of ion beams from intense-laser plasma [4][5][6][7], dosimetry of space radiations [8][9][10], and the evaluation of local dose distribution in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) [11] notably. Despite a breadth of applications, a decade ago the fundamental mechanisms of latent track formation in PADCs remained to be explained.…”

Section: Background and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological and Conceptual Progresses in Studies on the Latent Tracks in PADC

Yamauchi¹,

Kanasaki²,

Barillon³

2021

Preprint

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Modified structure along latent tracks and track formation process have been investigated in poly(allyl diglycol carbonate), PADC, which is well recognized as a sensitive etched track detector. This knowledge is essential to develop novel detectors with improved track registration property. The track structures of protons and heavy ions (He, C, Ne, Ar, Fe, Kr and Xe) have been examined by means of FT-IR spectrometry, covering the stopping power region between 1.2 to 12,000 eV/nm. Through a set of experiments on low-LET radiations – such as gamma ray -, multi-step damage process by electron hits was confirmed in the radiation-sensitive parts of the PADC repeat-unit. From this result, we unveiled for the first-time the layered structure in tracks, in relation with the number of secondary electrons. We also proved that etch pit was formed when at least two repeat-units were destroyed along the track radial direction. To evaluate the number of secondary electrons around tracks, a series of numerical simulations were performed with Geant4-DNA. Therefore, we are proposing new physical criterions to describe the detection thresholds. Futhermore, we propose a present issue of the definition of detection threshold for semi-relativistic C ions. And as a possible chemical criterion, formation density of hydroxyl group is suggested to express the response of PADC.

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“…As countermeasures, shielding with hydrogen-enriched materials (Wilson et al, 1997;Shavers et al, 2004;Zeitlin et al, 2005;Durante, 2014;Kodaira et al, 2014) and carbon fiber composites for a spacecraft (Naito et al, 2020b) and utilization of lava tubes on the lunar surface (Naito et al, 2020a) are proposed for efficient dose reduction in deep space missions. The recommended effective dose limits for a crew member career of 10 years are 400 mSv (for females) and 700 mSv (for males), starting when the person is 25 years old (NCRP, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Radiation Dosimetry at the Exposure Facility of the International Space Station for the Tanpopo Mission

et al. 2021

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Radiation dosimetry was carried out at the exposure facility (EF) and the pressurized module (PM) of the Japanese Kibo module installed in the International Space Station as one study on environmental monitoring for the Tanpopo mission. Three exposure panels and three references including biological and organic samples and luminescence dosimeters were launched to obtain data for different exposure durations during 3 years from May 2015 to July 2018. The dosimeters were equipped with additional shielding materials (0.55, 2.95, and 6.23 g/cm 2 mass thickness). The relative dose variation, as a function of shielding mass thickness, was observed and compared with Monte Carlo simulations with respect to galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and typical solar energetic particles (SEPs). The mean annual dose rates were D EF = 231 -5 mGy/year at the EF and D PM = 82 -1 mGy/ year at the PM during the 3 years. The PM is well shielded, and the GCR simulation indicated that the measured mean dose reduction ratio inside the module (D PM /D EF = 0.35) required *26 g/cm 2 additional shielding mass thickness. Observed points of the dose reduction tendency could be explained by the energy ranges of protons (10-100 MeV), where the protons passed through, or were absorbed in, the shielding materials of different mass thickness that surrounded dosimeters.

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Investigation of shielding material properties for effective space radiation protection

Cited by 69 publications

References 30 publications

What can biofabrication do for space and what can space do for biofabrication?

What can biofabrication do for space and what can space do for biofabrication?

Methodological and Conceptual Progresses in Studies on the Latent Tracks in PADC

Space Radiation Dosimetry at the Exposure Facility of the International Space Station for the Tanpopo Mission

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