Investigation of ship-plume chemistry using a newly-developed photochemical/dynamic ship-plume model

Kim, H. S.; Song, Chul H.; Park, R. S.; Huey, G.; Ryu, Jae-Yong

doi:10.5194/acp-9-7531-2009

Cited by 24 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Schlager et al (2008) 184 a Kim et al (2009) 6.25 b Chen et al (2005) 13.4 Song et al (2003) 4-20 von 19.1 Eyring et al (2005) 9.31 c This study 20 a The emission strengths reported by Franke et al (2008) and Schlager et al (2008) hold for "fairly large container ships". b Based on Chen et al (2005).…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 89%

“…the measurements the wind speed was between 9 and 11 m s −1 , in this comparison we set the wind speed to 10 m s −1 . The height of the marine boundary layer determined from aircraft measurements was 350 m. The ambient temperature was 290 K. We set the stability class to "moderately stable", following a recent study by Kim et al (2009). Figure 1 shows the evolution of observed and simulated NO x , O 3 and OH concentrations, as well as the instantaneous NO x lifetime, in the plume during the 3 h after emissions.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Paranoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Franke et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2009;Song et al, 2010). These lateral and vertical dispersion parameters depend on the meteorological stability class and can be tuned in PARANOX.…”

Section: Paranox Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accounting for non-linear chemistry of ship plumes in the GEOS-Chem global chemistry transport model

et al. 2011

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Abstract. We present a computationally efficient approach to account for the non-linear chemistry occurring during the dispersion of ship exhaust plumes in a global 3-D model of atmospheric chemistry (GEOS-Chem). We use a plume-ingrid formulation where ship emissions age chemically for 5 h before being released in the global model grid. Besides reducing the original ship NO x emissions in GEOS-Chem, our approach also releases the secondary compounds ozone and HNO 3 , produced during the 5 h after the original emissions, into the model. We applied our improved method and also the widely used "instant dilution" approach to a 1-yr GEOS-Chem simulation of global tropospheric ozone-NO x -VOC-aerosol chemistry. We also ran simulations with the standard model (emitting 10 molecules O 3 and 1 molecule HNO 3 per ship NO x molecule), and a model without any ship emissions at all. The model without any ship emissions simulates up to 0.1 ppbv (or 50 %) lower NO x concentrations over the North Atlantic in July than our improved GEOS-Chem model. "Instant dilution" overestimates NO x concentrations by 0.1 ppbv (50 %) and ozone by 3-5 ppbv (10-25 %), compared to our improved model over this region. These conclusions are supported by comparing simulated and observed NO x and ozone concentrations in the lower troposphere over the Pacific Ocean. The comparisons show that the improved GEOS-Chem model simulates NO x concentrations in between the instant dilution model and the model without ship emissions, which results in lower O 3 conCorrespondence to: G. C. M. Vinken (g.c.m.vinken@tue.nl) centrations than the instant dilution model. The relative differences in simulated NO x and ozone between our improved approach and instant dilution are smallest over strongly polluted seas (e.g. North Sea), suggesting that accounting for inplume chemistry is most relevant for pristine marine areas.

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Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Evaluation Of Paranoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accounting for non-linear chemistry of ship plumes in the GEOS-Chem global chemistry transport model

et al. 2011

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“…Until now, many detailed analyses of the impacts of ocean-going ship emissions on atmospheric MBL chemistry and the global radiation budget have been carried out in a range of aspects: (1) O 3 /HO x /NO y photochemistry in the MBL (e.g., Lawrence and Crutzen, 1999;Endresen et al, 2003;Song et al, 2003a;von Glasow et al, 2003;Kim et al, 2009); (2) sulfur cycle in the MBL (e.g., Capaldo et al, 1999;Song et al, 2003b;Faloona, 2009); and (3) impacts on the global radiation budget (e.g., Capaldo et al, 1999;Endresen et al, 2003;Langley et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A ship-plume photochemical/dynamic model developed previously by Kim et al (2009) was used to help answer these scientific questions. In addition, in terms of the ship-plume photochemical/dynamic model development and its applications, this is a companion study of Kim et al (2009) with a particular focus on ship-plume HCHO. This study first discusses a ship-plume case from the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 (ITCT 2K2) campaign as a base study case (hereafter, called "ITCT 2K2 ship-plume case").…”

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confidence: 99%

Source identification and budget analysis on elevated levels of formaldehyde within the ship plumes: a ship-plume photochemical/dynamic model analysis

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Elevated levels of formaldehyde (HCHO) along the ship corridors have been observed by satellite sensors, such as ESA/ERS-2 GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment), and were also simulated by global 3-D chemistrytransport models. In this study, three likely sources of the elevated HCHO levels in the ship plumes as well as their contributions to the elevated HCHO levels (budget) were investigated using a newly-developed ship-plume photochemical/dynamic model: (1) primary HCHO emission from ships; (2) secondary HCHO production via the atmospheric oxidation of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) emitted from ships; and (3) atmospheric oxidation of CH 4 within the ship plumes. For this ship-plume modelling study, the ITCT 2K2 (Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002) ship-plume experiment, which was carried out about 100 km off the coast of California on 8 May 2002 (11:00 local standard time), was chosen as a base study case because it is the best defined in terms of (1) meteorological data, (2) in-plume chemical composition, and (3) background chemical composition. From multiple shipplume model simulations for the ITCT 2K2 ship-plume experiment case, CH 4 oxidation by elevated levels of in-plume OH radicals was found to be the main factor responsible for the elevated levels of HCHO in the ITCT 2K2 ship-plume. More than ∼88% of the HCHO for the ITCT 2K2 ship-plume is produced by this atmospheric chemical process, except in Correspondence to: C. H. Song (chsong@gist.ac.kr) the areas close to the ship stacks where the main source of the elevated HCHO levels would be primary HCHO from the ships (due to the deactivation of CH 4 oxidation from the depletion of in-plume OH radicals). Because of active CH 4 oxidation by OH radicals, the instantaneous chemical lifetime of CH 4 (τ CH 4 ) decreased to ∼0.45 yr inside the ship plume, which is in contrast to τ CH 4 of ∼1.1 yr in the background (up to ∼41% decrease) for the ITCT 2K2 ship-plume case. A variety of likely ship-plume situations at three different latitudinal locations within the global ship corridors was also studied to determine the enhancements in the HCHO levels in the marine boundary layer (MBL) influenced by ship emissions. It was found that the ship-plume HCHO levels could be 19.9-424.9 pptv higher than the background HCHO levels depending on the latitudinal locations of the ship plumes (i.e., intensity of solar radiation and temperature), MBL stability and NO x emission rates. On the other hand, NMVOC emissions from ships were not found to be a primary source of photochemical HCHO production inside ship plumes due to their rapid and individual dilution. However, the diluted NMVOCs would contribute to the HCHO productions in the background air.

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Horizontally Integrated Remote Measurements of Ocean Currents Using Acoustic Tomography Techniques

Joseph

2014

Measuring Ocean Currents

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Investigation of ship-plume chemistry using a newly-developed photochemical/dynamic ship-plume model

Cited by 24 publications

References 62 publications

Accounting for non-linear chemistry of ship plumes in the GEOS-Chem global chemistry transport model

Accounting for non-linear chemistry of ship plumes in the GEOS-Chem global chemistry transport model

Source identification and budget analysis on elevated levels of formaldehyde within the ship plumes: a ship-plume photochemical/dynamic model analysis

Horizontally Integrated Remote Measurements of Ocean Currents Using Acoustic Tomography Techniques

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