Investigation of single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with graphene-bubble dielectric DBR

Increasing Single-Mode Power in VCSELs With Antiresonant Oxide Island

“…To overcome this limitation, researches investigate a number of indirect approaches, like use of graphene-bubble dielectric distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) [16], double cavities [15], [17], shallow relief [18], zinc-diffusion with oxide-relief [19], [20], grating couplers [21]- [23], or application of antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs) [24]- [27]. This simplest form of such antiresonant structure (S-ARROW) is a low-index core surrounded by a single high-index ring.…”

Broad-band self-injection organic laser amplifier based on a DBR microcavity

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The laser designs using distributed feedback (DFB) schemes and distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) have been employed in the microcavity design for organic lasers. [8][9][10] These designs are particularly suitable for the thin-film lasers using polymeric semiconductors, where the Bragg gratings are essential for achieving the optical feedback in both schemes. An important motivation of these research activities is to find out a suitable approach to achieve electrically pumped lasing in organic semiconductors.…”

Improved optical efficiency of GaAs-based infrared vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser enabled by combining a metallic reflector and a Bragg reflector

“…To improve the emission performance of VCSELs by applying reflectors, various distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), including silicon DBRs, composition-grade DBRs, graphene-bubbler DBRs, and self-planar mesa structures, have been investigated. [17][18][19][20][21] By increasing the number of pairs of layers in the DBR, the reflectivity of the DBR can be increased, and, thus, the output power of the VCSEL can be improved. 22 However, if the number of DBR pairs is excessively increased, more power consumption is required to operate VCSEL owing to its increased driving voltage condition.…”