Investigation of smalt in cross-sections of 17th century paintings using elemental mapping by laser ablation ICP-MS

Panighello, Serena; Kavčič, Anja; Vogel‐Mikuš, Katarina; Tennent, Norman H.; Wallert, Arie; Hočevar, Samo B.; Elteren, Johannes T. van

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2015.11.015

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…When smalt is mixed with leadwhite in oil, lower degrees of alterations are observed, probably because lead soaps are favoured compared to the potassium ones, so that leaching of alkali is not as relevant as in pure smalt paint layers [34,90,96,97]. The discolouration of smalt and the rough surface of degraded particles significantly alter the appearance of oil paintings where it was used for the sky, or other parts intended to be bright blue [34,89,94,96,[98][99][100][101]. Smalt egg tempera samples proved sensitive to environmental conditions in museums, so that such a paint layer might be successfully used as a dosimeter to evaluate the air quality in terms of conservation issues [102].…”

Section: Vivianite (Fe 3 (Po 4 )2·8h 2 O Blue)mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the stability of mediaeval inorganic pigments: a literature review of the effect of climate, material selection, biological activity, analysis and conservation treatments

2017

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This review is to be considered part of the development of the MEMORI dosimeter, to evaluate the impact of climate (relative humidity, temperature, illumination, etc., including volatile organic compounds) on moveable objects. In the framework of the MEMORI project, Ghent University was given the task to assess pigment degradation upon acetic acid exposure, and to collect information on pigments' stability. Moreover, to obtain a wider knowledge on the stability of common pigments, the effect of a variety of parameters was reviewed from literature. Discolouration and degradation of pigments significantly alter the legibility of polychrome works of art, so that the development of monitoring methods to ensure the preservation of cultural heritage objects is of primary importance.

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Section: Vivianite (Fe 3 (Po 4 )2·8h 2 O Blue)mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the stability of mediaeval inorganic pigments: a literature review of the effect of climate, material selection, biological activity, analysis and conservation treatments

2017

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“…2005; Delamare 2009; Panighello et al . 2016). Co(II) oxide is the most intensive colouring agent used in the glass industry (noticeable colouring is already visible at thousandths of a mass% CoO; Smrček and Voldřich 1994; Giannini et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smalt production in the Ore Mountains: Characterization of samples related to the production of blue pigment in Bohemia

2020

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The study deals with the chemical composition of samples related to the production of a blue pigment/smalt. The samples examined come from the regions of Soví huť and Horní Blatná (north‐west Bohemia) dating to the 16th and 17th centuries. These locations are often mentioned in relation to the discoverer of smalt production technology: Christopher Schürer. The aim of the study is to evaluate the chemical composition of samples from both localities as well as with respect to the ores occurring in the given regions. The samples can be divided into two basic groups. The first clearly represents smalt (potassium glass coloured with cobalt), while the second apparently constitutes the samples of the so‐called ‘speiss’ (an aluminosilicate mass with metallic compounds). The analysis of the smalt confirmed the representation of minor elements bismuth and nickel (always) and uranium and molybdenum (rarely), which are found in Co ores from the Ore Mountains. The paper is the first to present the composition of actual blue pigment finds originating directly from the production sites, while the available literature has so far only reported the results of analyses of the pigments already used when referring to the Ore Mountains.

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“…Transient signals were recorded and evaluated for elemental quantification. Ga, 85 Rb, 88 Sr, 89 Y, 90 Zr, 93 Nb, 118 Sn, 121 Sb, 137 Ba, 139 La, 140 Ce, 141 Pr, 142 Nd, 152 Sm, 153 Eu, 158 Gd, 159 Tb, 164 Dy, 165 Ho, 166 Er, 169 Tm, 174 Yb, 175 Lu, 178 Hf, NIST SRM 610 [17] and Corning D archeological glass [18] were used as the external standard for modern and medieval objects respectively. The results of elemental composition, for all samples, were recalculated to the content of the oxides using SiO 2 as the internal standard.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proceedings of the International Conference LACONA XI

2017

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Investigation of smalt in cross-sections of 17th century paintings using elemental mapping by laser ablation ICP-MS

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

On the stability of mediaeval inorganic pigments: a literature review of the effect of climate, material selection, biological activity, analysis and conservation treatments

On the stability of mediaeval inorganic pigments: a literature review of the effect of climate, material selection, biological activity, analysis and conservation treatments

Smalt production in the Ore Mountains: Characterization of samples related to the production of blue pigment in Bohemia

Proceedings of the International Conference LACONA XI

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