Investigation of sorption and diffusion of supercritical carbon dioxide into poly(vinyl chloride)

Muth, Oliver; Hirth, Thomas; Vogel, Herbert

doi:10.1016/s0896-8446(00)00101-7

Cited by 63 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Both of these factors are attributed to the improved mass transport properties exhibited by solutes in supercritical CO 2 and also to the slight swelling of the substrate material. These results are comparable to those previously reported for pure CO 2 diffusion into poly(vinyl chloride) [15] and poly(ethylene terephthalate) [33] (two semicrystalline polymers), while diffusion into pure polystyrene [10] has been shown to be an order of magnitude faster (a fully amorphous polymer). Variations in the measured diffusion coefficient are related to the method of measurement (e.g., gravimetry, microscopy), the model used for calculation, properties of the supercritical fluid (temperature and pressure), and the affinity that supercritical CO 2 has for the particular polymer [supercritical CO 2 shows a higher affinity for polystyrene than for poly(vinyl chloride)].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Muth et al [15] reported that supercritical CO 2 was absorbed into semi-crystalline poly(vinyl chloride) and that the mass uptake could be modeled by Fickian kinetics. In a similar way, McCarthy and co-workers [16] monitored the uptake of a model molecule for styrene monomer (ethyl benzene) into polyethylene in the presence of supercritical CO 2 using a gravimetric technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NMR Microscopy: A Tool for Measuring Monomer Diffusion in Supercritical CO₂

Thurecht

Hill

Whittaker

2006

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Summary: The diffusion of styrene into linear low density polyethylene in a solution of supercritical CO2 was investigated using NMR microimaging. For both pure styrene and styrene dissolved in supercritical CO2, the diffusion was found to follow Fickian kinetics. Supercritical CO2 was found to enhance the rate and extent of diffusion of styrene into the substrate by up to three times under the conditions of this investigation, compared to pure styrene. NMR imaging was used to measure the concentration profiles of the styrene penetrants in real time, and the results were fitted to a Fickian model for diffusion. At a CO2 pressure of 150 bar and temperature of 40 °C, the diffusion coefficient of a 30 wt‐% solution of styrene into LLDPE was calculated to be 1 × 10−11 m2 · s−1. This is significantly faster than the diffusion coefficient measured for pure styrene diffusion at 40 °C (3 × 10−12 m2 · s−1). The diffusion coefficients determined by gravimetric analysis were slightly higher than those determined by the imaging method. This was probably due to residual styrene and/or polystyrene adhering to the surface of the films in the gravimetric technique.NMR image of styrene in linear low density polyethylene following supercritical fluid enhanced impregnation.imageNMR image of styrene in linear low density polyethylene following supercritical fluid enhanced impregnation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR Microscopy: A Tool for Measuring Monomer Diffusion in Supercritical CO₂

Thurecht

Hill

Whittaker

2006

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…The procedure for CO 2 sorption experiments is schematically by Vogel and co-workers [20]. A preweighed polymer sample (300-400 mg) is placed in a 100 mL pressure vessel that could be opened quickly.…”

Section: Experimental Equipment and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, the films of CO 2 /PEEK were prepared using sc-CO 2 as a plasticizing agent in a method similar to that described by Vogel and co-workers [20]. The solubility and diffusion coefficient about CO 2 /PEEK blends were discussed here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion and swelling of carbon dioxide in amorphous poly(ether ether ketone)s

Wang¹,

Jiang²,

Gao³

et al. 2006

Journal of Membrane Science

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“…A single-phase solution formation of the gas / polymer is one of the most fundamental steps for a plastics foaming. In recent years, studies have been made in the batch microcellular foaming for single-phase gas / polymer solution [4][5][6][7][8] . Compared with the batch foaming, the continuous extrusion foaming process is more complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single-phase of supercritical CO2/ Polystyrene solution in foam extrusion

Ceng

Cai

et al. 2008

J. Wuhan Univ. Technol.-Mat. Sci. Edit.

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The high quality single-phase solution of CO 2 / Polystyrene was achieved, by analyzing the influential factors for polymer microcellular foaming extrusion. The curve of pressure distribution along the barrel was determined. The axial position of gas-injecting port on the barrel was chosen form the results of stable foaming, and the number of gas-injecting ports in the circumference of the barrel was determined from the CO 2 solubility in polymer. The effect of the screw rotation speed on CO 2 solubility was studied, and the effects of pressure difference between the gas and the polymer melt on gas-injecting process and on the foaming stability were investigated. The influence of the gas temperature before injection on the single-phase of CO 2 /Polystyrene solution also was studied.

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Investigation of sorption and diffusion of supercritical carbon dioxide into poly(vinyl chloride)

Cited by 63 publications

References 7 publications

NMR Microscopy: A Tool for Measuring Monomer Diffusion in Supercritical CO₂

NMR Microscopy: A Tool for Measuring Monomer Diffusion in Supercritical CO₂

Diffusion and swelling of carbon dioxide in amorphous poly(ether ether ketone)s

A single-phase of supercritical CO2/ Polystyrene solution in foam extrusion

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Investigation of sorption and diffusion of supercritical carbon dioxide into poly(vinyl chloride)

Cited by 63 publications

References 7 publications

NMR Microscopy: A Tool for Measuring Monomer Diffusion in Supercritical CO2

NMR Microscopy: A Tool for Measuring Monomer Diffusion in Supercritical CO2

Diffusion and swelling of carbon dioxide in amorphous poly(ether ether ketone)s

A single-phase of supercritical CO2/ Polystyrene solution in foam extrusion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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NMR Microscopy: A Tool for Measuring Monomer Diffusion in Supercritical CO₂

NMR Microscopy: A Tool for Measuring Monomer Diffusion in Supercritical CO₂