“…Generally, the LS-APGD physical set-up can be easily modied to meet the needs for analyzing different aggregation states (liquid, solid), and for gaining elemental, isotopic, and/or molecular information by coupling the source either to an optical emission or mass spectrometer. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Here, the LS-APGD microplasma source was sustained between the electrolytic test solution (500 mg g À1 Cu and Zn in 2% HNO 3 (both single element standards CPI International, Santa Rosa, CA, USA)) and a hollow stainless steel counter electrode (316 SS, 1.2 mm i.d., 1.6 mm o.d., IDEX Health and Science, Oak Harbor, WA, USA). The use of such high test solution concentrations, versus previously determined single-mg mL À1 detection limits, 14 allows reasonable emission response levels under non-ideal conditions across the parameter space.…”