Investigation of stress exponent in the power-law creep of Pb–Sb alloys

Mahmudi, R.; Roumina, R.; Raeisinia, Babak

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2004.05.078

Cited by 66 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It has been shown experimentally that both stress and temperature dependencies of the steady-state impression velocity agree with the corresponding dependencies of the creep rate in conventional creep tests. [25][26][27] Therefore, inserting Eq. 4 into 1 and rearranging gives the relationship between impression velocity and applied punch stress as…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ag and Al Additions on the Structure and Creep Properties of Sn-9Zn Solder Alloy

Mahmudi

Geranmayeh

Noori

et al. 2008

Journal of Elec Materi

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Creep behavior of the eutectic Sn-9Zn, Sn-9Zn-0.5Ag, and Sn-9Zn-0.5Al solder alloys was studied by impression testing under constant punching stress in the range of 60 MPa to 130 MPa and at temperatures in the range of 298 K to 370 K. Analysis of the data showed that, for all loads and temperatures, Sn-9Zn-0.5Al had the lowest creep rates and thus the highest creep resistance among all materials tested. The creep resistance of Sn-9Zn-0.5Ag was slightly lower than that of the Al-containing alloy. The enhanced creep behaviors of the ternary alloys are attributed to the presence of AgZn 3 and very fine Zn particles, which act as the main strengthening agents in the Sn-9Zn-0.5Ag and Sn-9Zn-0.5Al alloys, respectively. Assuming a power-law relationship between the impression rate and stress, average stress exponents of 6.9, 7.1, and 7.2 and activation energies of 42.1 kJ mol -1 , 42.9 kJ mol -1 , and 43.0 kJ mol -1 were obtained for Sn-9Zn, Sn-9Zn-0.5Ag and Sn-9Zn-0.5Al, respectively. These activation energies are close to 46 kJ mol -1 for dislocation climb, assisted by vacancy diffusion through dislocation cores in the Sn. This, together with the stress exponents of about 7, suggests that the operative creep mechanism is dislocation climb controlled by dislocation pipe diffusion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ag and Al Additions on the Structure and Creep Properties of Sn-9Zn Solder Alloy

Mahmudi

Geranmayeh

Noori

et al. 2008

Journal of Elec Materi

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“…The solidification processing parameters (G, V) of alloys directly affect λ 1 , λ 2 , and R of the alloys and also significantly influence their mechanical behaviors. Hence, the effects of solidification processing and microstructure parameters on mechanical behaviors have been studied intensively [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of directionally solidified lead-antimony alloys

Şahin

Kaya

2011

Int J Miner Metall Mater

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The Pb-17wt% Sb alloy was directionally solidified under two solidification conditions: with different temperature gradients (G=0.93-3.67 K/mm) at a constant growth rate (V=17.50 μm/s) and with different growth rates (V=8.3-497 μm/s) at a constant temperature gradient (G=3.67 K/mm) in a Bridgman furnace. Microstructure parameters, such as primary dendrite arm spacing (λ 1 ), secondary dendrite arm spacing (λ 2 ), and dendrite tip radius (R), were measured. The microhardness (Hv) and ultimate tensile strength (σ) of the directional solidification samples were also measured. The influences of solidification and microstructure parameters on Hv and σ were investigated. The results obtained in this work were compared with similar experimental researches in literatures. It is shown that the Hv and σ values increase with the increase of G and V, but decrease with the increase of λ 1 , λ 2 , and R.

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“…Despite the large difference in the test methodology, it has been shown that, under steady state conditions (hardness is constant for a constant strain rate), the exponents N and n are close for the same materials. [44][45][46][47] Note that Equation 3 requires the hardness to be measured throughout the hold period; this is not practical in QS nanoindentation because the unloading stiffness is undetermined during the hold period. Prior research has shown that the nominal pressure p nom , which is determined directly from the total indentation depth h, p nom ∼ = P/24.5h 2 , can be used to accurately estimate the stress exponent.…”

Section: A3842mentioning

confidence: 99%

Operando Nanoindentation: A New Platform to Measure the Mechanical Properties of Electrodes during Electrochemical Reactions

Vasconcelos

Zhao

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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We present an experimental platform of operando nanoindentation that probes the dynamic mechanical behaviors of electrodes during real-time electrochemical reactions. The setup consists of a nanoindenter, an electrochemical station, and a custom fluid cell integrated into an inert environment. We evaluate the influence of the argon atmosphere, electrolyte solution, structural degradation and volumetric change of electrodes upon Li reactions, as well as the surface layer and substrate effects by control experiments. Results inform on the system limitations and capabilities, and provide guidelines on the best experimental practices. Furthermore, we present a thorough investigation of the elastic-viscoplastic properties of amorphous Si electrodes, during cell operation at different C-rates and at open circuit. Pure Li metal is characterized separately. We measure the continuous evolution of the elastic modulus, hardness, and creep stress exponent of lithiated Si and compare the results with prior reports. operando indentation will provide a reliable platform to understand the fundamental coupling between mechanics and electrochemistry in energy materials. photovoltaics, 7 and hydrogen storage. 8 The electrochemical reactions between the host material and guest species induce deformation, stress, fracture, and fatigue which cause ohmic and thermal resistance increase, and performance degradation. Likewise, mechanical stresses regulate mass transport, charge transfer, interfacial reactions, and consequently the potential and capacity of electrochemical systems. 9 In batteries, mechanical degradation compromises the performance of current technologies [10][11][12] and limits the implementation of high-capacity electrodes.13,14 Mechanics of both anode and cathode materials, such as diffusion-induced stresses, large deformation, plasticity, and fracture, have been extensively studied in recent years. [15][16][17][18][19][20] Nevertheless, the intimate coupling between mechanics and electrochemistry is far from complete understanding despite a considerable volume of existing studies. One major deficiency is the lack of reliable experimental tools to characterize the mechanical behaviors of electrodes under real electrochemical conditions. The operation of batteries is extremely sensitive to the work environment -a trace of oxygen and moisture can cause numerous side reactions. In contrast, most mechanical test equipment is open system with limited capability of environment control. As such, the mechanics and electrochemistry of batteries are often characterized separately. Recent studies propose that the mechanical response of materials at the chemical equilibrium states may differ from that under concurrent mechanical and chemical loads. 21,22 There is an urgent need for an experimental platform to probe the chemomechanical behaviors of electrodes in the course of electrochemical reactions. Current experimental tools have been able to provide valuable insight. Due to the generally small characteristic size and heterogen...

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Investigation of stress exponent in the power-law creep of Pb–Sb alloys

Cited by 66 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of Ag and Al Additions on the Structure and Creep Properties of Sn-9Zn Solder Alloy

Effects of Ag and Al Additions on the Structure and Creep Properties of Sn-9Zn Solder Alloy

Mechanical properties of directionally solidified lead-antimony alloys

Operando Nanoindentation: A New Platform to Measure the Mechanical Properties of Electrodes during Electrochemical Reactions

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