Investigation of structural, optical, electrical and dielectric properties of catalytic sprayed hausmannite thin film

Magnetic Properties of Hausmannite Thin Films

“…The crystalline structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, using a Siemens D500 diffractometer with monochromatic CuKα radiation (λ = 1.54 Å) [16]. The surface morphology of the Mn 3 O 4 thin film is further analyzed using atomic force microscope (AFM) using a Veeco digital Modern Technologies for Creating the Thin-film Systems and Coatingsinstrument 3 A microscope.…”

“…For the investigated vanadium doped crystal Modern Technologies for Creating the Thin-film Systems and Coatingsλ g = 556 nm [16]. When the spin-spin exchange interaction constant has negative values, the spins align antiparallel to each other so that the net magnetization is zero.…”

Electric Conduction Mechanisms Study within Zr Doped Mn3O4 Hausmannite Thin Films through an Oxidation Process in Air

“…7. Generally, the impedance analysis provides the information about the contribution of the relaxation process of different micro regions in the polycrystalline material such as grain, grain boundary and electrode interfaces, the semi-circle behavior of complex impedance plots of each micro region could be thus explained on the basis of an equivalent circuit model consisting of a combination series of grain (high frequency region) and grain boundary elements boundaries (low frequency region) (Larbi et al, 2014;Luo et al, 2016;Xu et al, 2015;Yadav et al, 2016;Yang et al, 2016). So, characteristically, two semi-circular arcs should be observed with non-zero high-frequency intercepts.…”

“…In transition metal oxides and their mixed systems, the electrical conduction has been studied extensively due to its incompletely filled 3d shell (Alonso-Domínguez et al, 2016;Baghizadeh et al, 2015;Biju & Khadar, 2003;Boukhachem et al, 2016;Dridi et al, 2015;Khumpaitool & Khemprasit, 2014;Rouahi et al, 2016;Wypych et al, 2014). Among these metal oxides family, hausmannite Mn 3 O 4 has attracted much interest due to its typical intrinsic p-type conductivity (Bose & Biju, 2015aLarbi et al, 2014;Ulutas et al, 2016). It is worth noting that in Mn 3 O 4 , Mn exhibits different oxidation states including divalent Mn 2+ and trivalent Mn 3+ ions located at the tetrahedral and octahedral sites, respectively, which makes it one of the most stable manganese oxide.…”

“…In addition to its stability, the study of the electrical transport phenomena in Mn 3 O 4 seems so far in demand for various applications such as: lithium-ion batteries (Zhen et al, 2016), supercapacitors (Luo et al, 2016;Xu et al, 2015;Yadav et al, 2016), catalysts and sensors (Saputra et al, 2013;Sharma et al, 2016) because of its low-cost, high natural abundance, great environmental compatibility and good specific capacity. Hausmannite Mn 3 O 4 thin films have been deposited by several techniques such as: the vapor phase growth method (Chang et al, 2005), the pulse laser deposition , the polyol process (Jin et al, 2015), the epitaxy , the hydrothermal method (Dong et al, 2013), the chemical bath deposition (Xu et al, 2006), the chemical successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) process (Gund et al, 2013) and the spray pyrolysis technique (Larbi et al, 2014). Among these deposition methods, the spray pyrolysis with safe, as cost-effective method is widely used to prepare thin film oxides with large surface area for several technological applications.…”