Investigation of Structural, Physical, and Attenuation Parameters of Glass: TeO2-Bi2O3-B2O3-TiO2-RE2O3 (RE: La, Ce, Sm, Er, and Yb), and Applications Thereof

Abstract

A novel series of glass, consisting of B2O3, Bi2O3, TeO2, and TiO2 (BBTT) containing rare earth oxide RE2O3, where RE is La, Ce, Sm, Er, and Yb, was prepared. We investigated the structural, optical, and gamma attenuation properties of the resultant glass. The optical energy bands, the linear refractive indices, the molar refractions, the metallization criteria, and the optical basicity were all determined for the prepared glass. Furthermore, physical parameters such as the density, the molar volume, the oxygen molar volume, and the oxygen packing density of the prepared glass, were computed. Both the values of density and optical energy of the prepared glass increased in the order of La2O3, Ce2O3, Sm2O3, Er2O3, and then Yb2O3. In addition, the glass doped with Yb2O3 had the lowest refractive index, electronic polarizability, and optical basicity values compared with the other prepared glass. The structures of the prepared glass were investigated by the deconvolution of infrared spectroscopy, which determined that TeO4, TeO3, BO4, BO3, BiO6, and TiO4 units had formed. Furthermore, the structural changes in glass are related to the ratio of the intensity of TeO4/TeO3, depending on the type of rare earth. It is also clarified that the resultant glass samples are good attenuators against low-energy radiation, especially those that modified by Yb2O3, which exhibited superior shielding efficiency at energies of 622, 1170, and 1330 keV. The optical and gamma ray spectroscopy results of the prepared glass show that it is a good candidate for nonlinear optical fibers, laser solid material, and optical shielding protection.

Judd–Ofelt Analysis and Spectroscopy Study of Tellurite Glasses Doped with Rare-Earth (Nd3+, Sm3+, Dy3+, and Er3+)

“…Symmetrical or bending vibrations of Teeq-Oax-Te connections at corner sharing sites in TeO 4 [40,45] account for the band designated (D) at 453-503 cm −1 . Anti-symmetrical stretching of the continuous TeO 4 tbps network is responsible for the (E) band seen between 609 and 658 cm −1 [2,42]. The (F) band at 757-854 cm −1 is due to Te-O and Te=O bond stretching vibrations in non-bridging oxygen in TeO 3 tps and TeO 3+1 polyhedra or Te 2 O 7 bridged tetrahedra (Te-O-Te antisymmetric stretch) [40,42].…”

“…From 45.86 cm 3 /mol, V O decreased to 45.74 cm 3 /mol. In addition, it is possible that the reduction in V O reflected an increase in the synthesis of NBO atoms, given that the OPD was determined using Equation ( 4) [2].…”

“…Nd, Sm, Dy, and Er are examples of rare-earth (RE) elements that have several multilateral uses in innovative technology [1]. Due to the fact that it is utilized to make optoelectronic components, including planar waveguides, optical detectors, fluorescent display technology, visible lasers, optical fibers, and optical amplifiers, rare-earth (RE) ion-doped glass has recently attracted interest [2].…”

Optical and γ-ray absorption characteristics of Yb2O3-doped borate based glasses: a step towards understanding the substitution of B2O3/Yb2O3 in the lead borate glass system

“…The μ values for the fabricated glasses were closed to sample CY0 with μ values of 2.831 cm −1 [46], as illustrated in figure 13. On the other hand, the fabricated glasses' μ values are lower than the previously reported borate reinforced rare earth compounds CY1 (μ = 3.1344 cm −1 ), CY2 (μ = 3.4162 cm −1 ), CY3 (μ = 3.6218 cm −1 ), CY4 (μ = 3.9043 cm −1 ), CY5 (μ = 4.0995 cm −1 ), CY6 (μ = 4.3999 cm −1 ), CY7 (4.6587 cm −1 ), TeBYb1 (μ = 3.08 cm −1 ), TeBYb5 (μ = 4.46 cm −1 ), BBTTLa (μ = 5.67 cm −1 ), BBTTCe (μ = 6.083 cm −1 ), BBTTSm (μ = 6.17 cm −1 ), BBTTEr (μ = 6.21 cm −1 ), and BBTTYb (μ = 6.31 cm −1 ) [46][47][48]. The high μ values for the selected previously reported glass samples are attributed to the high contents of TeO 2 and Bi 2 O 3 concentrations in the selected samples.…”

Physical and optical traits of tellurite glass: effect of bimetallic TiO2/Au nanoparticles

“…The incorporation of 0.03 mol% Au NPs increases the band gap from 3.185 eV to 3.197 eV (for direct band gap) and from 3.049 eV to 3.069 eV (for indirect band gap), respectively. The increase in the band gap signifies a reduction in the number of NBO or more BO being present [25]. However, further addition of Au NPs with a concentration of 0.05 mol% to 0.20 mol% shows a gradual decrement in the direct and indirect band gap signifies the increasing number of NBO.…”