Investigation of Surface Quality of Industrial Products Made of Wood at Laser Engraving

Abstract

Ʌɸɛɚɹ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɜɢ-ɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨ-ɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢ-ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨ-ɱɟɤ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶ-ɧɚɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ [1].Ⱦɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɨɣ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɪɨɣ. Ɉɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɛɭɯɚɧɢɟ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɜɥɚɠɧɨ-ɫɬɢ, ɪɚɫɬɪɟɫɤɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɡɜɭɤɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɹ, ɬɟɤɫɬɭɪɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤ-ɠɟ ɰɜɟɬ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɯ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɬɵɫɹɱ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɬɨɜɚ-ɪɨɜ. Ⱦɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɧɟɨɞɢɧɚ-ɤɨɜɚ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬ-ɜɚɦ. Ɉɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɟɫɭ, ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ, ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɝɪɢɛɚɦɢ, ɰɜɟɬɭ ɢ ɬɟɤ-ɫɬɭɪɟ (ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ ɧɚ ɫɪɟɡɟ). ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɵ ɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɚɧɚɬɨɦɢ-ɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨ-ɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɨɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɟɜɲɢɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ, ɬɪɚɯɟɢɞ, ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ, ɫɦɨɥɹɧɵɯ ɯɨɞɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢɡ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ: ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɜɟɬɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚɦ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɭɪɵ [2][3][4][5].ɒɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɥɚ-ɡɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬ-ɜɢɟ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɥɭɱɚ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɧɟɪ-ɝɢɢ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭ-ɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ ɥɭɱ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɜ ɫɨɬɵɟ ɞɨɥɢ ɦɢɥɥɢɦɟɬɪɚ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ-ɫɬɶɸ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ (ɜ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɟ, ɝɚɡɟ, ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɬɜɟɪɞɨɦ ɬɟɥɟ), ɦɚɥɨɣ ɡɨɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟ-ɦɨɣ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɤ ɡɨɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ.Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ-ɛɨɪɨɜ, ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɢ, ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟ-ɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ. ɉɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟ-ɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɪɟɡɤɭ, ɫɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ, ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ, ɝɪɚɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ. Ʌɚɡɟɪɧɨɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɟ-ɧɢɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢ-ɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɨɛɪɚɛɚ-ɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɵɣ ɥɭɱ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɫɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧ-ɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭ-ɳɟɫɬɜɚ [6]. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɵ ɥɚɡɟɪɧɨɟ ɢɡɥɭɱ...