“…By utilizing this protocol, multistep cell reprogramming can be achieved by using PANI-C nanocomposite and nanogroove topography. 1 The differentiation of PC12 cells into neurons can be confirmed by antibody staining against neurofilament 68 as the architectural protein in neurons regarding their ultimate stage of differentiation ( Figure 3 ). Figure 5 The different quantities regarding the suitability of the fabricated nanosubstrate The AFM images of (A) flat PDMS and (B) PDMS nanosubstrate embedded with nanogroove topography and coated PANI-C are alongside the microscopic images of cultured cells on both flat PDMS and nanosubstrate.…”
Section: Expected Outcomesmentioning
confidence: 90%
“…Using nanogroove topography and PANI-C nanocomposite will allow the immune assay of differentiated PC12 cells. 1 …”
Section: Step-by-step Methods Detailsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… (B) The color of PANI-C changes from light brown to dark green. 1 Note: The mixture takes 10 min to suddenly turn from pale blue to dark green, and it stays that way for the next three hours. To get rid of any unreacted monomers and oligomeric contaminants, centrifuge the mixture for 30 min at 5000 rpm and 25°C.…”
Section: Step-by-step Methods Detailsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is highly recommended to use double-distilled water (DDW) in the synthesizing process to avoid particle contamination and unwanted impurities. 1 Note: It takes considerable time for chitosan to dissolve in an acetic acid solution. The plastic resemblance in the texture of PANI-C confirms the co-blending of chitosan.…”
Section: Step-by-step Methods Detailsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is highly recommended to use double-distilled water (DDW) in the synthesizing process to avoid particle contamination and unwanted impurities. 1 …”
“…By utilizing this protocol, multistep cell reprogramming can be achieved by using PANI-C nanocomposite and nanogroove topography. 1 The differentiation of PC12 cells into neurons can be confirmed by antibody staining against neurofilament 68 as the architectural protein in neurons regarding their ultimate stage of differentiation ( Figure 3 ). Figure 5 The different quantities regarding the suitability of the fabricated nanosubstrate The AFM images of (A) flat PDMS and (B) PDMS nanosubstrate embedded with nanogroove topography and coated PANI-C are alongside the microscopic images of cultured cells on both flat PDMS and nanosubstrate.…”
Section: Expected Outcomesmentioning
confidence: 90%
“…Using nanogroove topography and PANI-C nanocomposite will allow the immune assay of differentiated PC12 cells. 1 …”
Section: Step-by-step Methods Detailsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… (B) The color of PANI-C changes from light brown to dark green. 1 Note: The mixture takes 10 min to suddenly turn from pale blue to dark green, and it stays that way for the next three hours. To get rid of any unreacted monomers and oligomeric contaminants, centrifuge the mixture for 30 min at 5000 rpm and 25°C.…”
Section: Step-by-step Methods Detailsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is highly recommended to use double-distilled water (DDW) in the synthesizing process to avoid particle contamination and unwanted impurities. 1 Note: It takes considerable time for chitosan to dissolve in an acetic acid solution. The plastic resemblance in the texture of PANI-C confirms the co-blending of chitosan.…”
Section: Step-by-step Methods Detailsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is highly recommended to use double-distilled water (DDW) in the synthesizing process to avoid particle contamination and unwanted impurities. 1 …”
Posttranslational modifications play a crucial role in governing cellular functions and protein behavior. Researchers have implicated dysregulated posttranslational modifications in protein misfolding, which results in cytotoxicity, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease. These aberrant posttranslational modifications cause proteins to gather in certain parts of the brain that are linked to the development of the diseases. This leads to neuronal dysfunction and the start of neurodegenerative disease symptoms. Cognitive decline and neurological impairments commonly manifest in neurodegenerative disease patients, underscoring the urgency of comprehending the posttranslational modifications’ impact on protein function for targeted therapeutic interventions. This review elucidates the critical link between neurodegenerative diseases and specific posttranslational modifications, focusing on Tau, APP, α‐synuclein, Huntingtin protein, Parkin, DJ‐1, and Drp1. By delineating the prominent aberrant posttranslational modifications within Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease, the review underscores the significance of understanding the interplay among these modifications. Emphasizing 10 key abnormal posttranslational modifications, this study aims to provide a comprehensive framework for investigating neurodegenerative diseases holistically. The insights presented herein shed light on potential therapeutic avenues aimed at modulating posttranslational modifications to mitigate protein aggregation and retard neurodegenerative disease progression.
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