Investigation of the anti-wear characteristics of palm oil methyl ester using a four-ball tribometer test

Masjuki, H.H.; Maleque, Md. Abdul

doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(96)07351-6

Cited by 104 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, as mentioned earlier, the presence of methyl esters affects other properties such as PP and viscosity in a negative manner especially at high concentrations. Masjuki and Maleque [23] also discovered that methyl esters improved antiwear characteristics only at moderate concentrations, namely 5 wt-%, beyond which the effect was detrimental to surface wear. Hence, unless severe wear is expected, the amount of methyl esters in the final product should be kept at minimum levels.…”

Section: Wear and Friction Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Lubrication properties of trimethylolpropane esters based on palm oil and palm kernel oils

Yunus

Fakhru’l‐Razi

Ooi

et al. 2004

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

112

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Due to the global drive towards biodegradable products, trimethylolpropane [2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol] (TMP) esters based on palm and palm kernel oils were synthesized, their lubrication properties evaluated, and their potential as base stock for biodegradable lubricants assessed. Two types of TMP esters were considered: palm kernel (PKOTE) and palm oil (PPOTE) TMP esters, derived from palm oil and palm kernel methyl esters, respectively. Lubrication properties such as viscosity, viscosity index (VI) and pour point (PP) were determined according to methods of the American Society for Testing and Materials. Wear and friction properties were evaluated using a four-ball test machine, while oxidative stability was studied with the Penn State Micro-oxidation thin-film test. High VI ranges between 170 to 200 were recorded for these base stocks. PP were relatively high, between 4 to -1 °C, but were improved to at least -33 °C in high oleic palm oil TMP esters. The effects of chemical structure and impurities on wear properties and oxidative stability were also studied. The presence of methyl esters was found to improve wear, but hydroxyl groups in mono-and diesters had negative effects at high concentrations. Differences in chemical structures of PKOTE and PPOTE were shown to affect friction and wear results. Both base fluids exhibit oxidative stability comparable to other high oleic base fluids.Keywords: Biodegradable lubricant, palm oil, palm kernel oil, trimethylolpropane esters.Correspondence: Robiah Yunus, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Phone: +60-3-89466291/019-6969106, Fax: +60-3-86567099; e-mail: robiah@eng.upm.edu.my

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Section: Wear and Friction Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Lubrication properties of trimethylolpropane esters based on palm oil and palm kernel oils

Yunus

Fakhru’l‐Razi

Ooi

et al. 2004

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

112

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“…It was reported that the lubrication performance of diesel base oils was improved when palm oil methyl esters are blended [86,87]. Masjuki and Maleque (1997) reported that adding 5% (v/v) of palm oil methyl ester in the base oil lubricant resulted in a low wear rate of an EN31 steel ball bearing [88]. Malavolti et al [89] has synthesized biodiesels through the transesterification of castor oil with various alcohols in the presence of trimethylchlorosilane (TMSCl) as an acidic mediator.…”

Section: Chemical Modification/derivatization Of Vegetable Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically Modifying Vegetable Oils to Prepare Green Lubricants

2017

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Chemically modifying vegetable oils to produce an alternative to petroleum-based materials is one of the most important emerging industrial research areas today because of the adverse effects of petroleum products on the environment and the shortage of petroleum resources. Biolubricants, bioplasticizers, non-isocyanate polyurethanes, biofuel, coating materials, biocomposites, and other value-added chemicals can easily be produced by chemically modifying vegetable oils. This short review discusses using vegetable oils or their derivatives to prepare lubricants that are environmentally safe. Chemically modified vegetable oils are generally used as base fluids to formulate environmentally friendly lubricants. Reports of their application as sustainable additives have attracted special attention recently because of their enhanced multifunctional performances (single additives perform several functions, i.e., viscosity index improver, pour point depressant, antiwear products) and biodegradability compared with commercial additives. Here, we have reviewed the use of chemically modified vegetable oils as base fluids and additives to prepare a cost-effective and environmentally friendly lubricant composition.

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“…A fuel with high heat release rate at premix or rapid combustion phase and lower heat release rate at mixing controlled combustion phase will increase NOx. 11,25 Smoke is strongly related to the fuel cooling effect, as well as the air-fuel mixing problem that increases combustion delay. WEO oil showed the lowest smoke emission level compared with palm oil and soybean oil ( Figure 6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Looking at the requirement for diesel fuel and the availability of waste cooking oil, the biodiesel obtained from waste cooking oil could partially replace diesel fuel. 11,12 Biodiesel fuels can be used in high-pressure combustion engines, such as common rail injection engines in which high injection pressures allow rapid atomization and combustion resulting in higher efficiencies and lower emissions. When burned, biodiesel produces pollutants with few detrimental human health effects.…”

Section: 8mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaust emission characteristics of various types of biofuels

Peng

2015

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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Meeting the growing demand for sustainable energy is one of the major challenges of the 21st century. In the Kyoto conference on global climate change, numerous nations committed to large reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions are a major advantage of using biodiesel on diesel engines. The test uses three biodiesels (soybean oil, palm oil, and waste edible oil) in the engine, comparing engine performance and exhaust emissions with the baseline (pure petrodiesel) case. The results indicated that the use of biodiesel produces decreased smoke opacity but increased fuel consumption up to 7.38% compared with petrodiesel. Exhaust emissions, such as CO and HC, were reduced using biodiesel in fuels, primarily because of the effect of complete combustion of the oxygen contained in biodiesel.

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Investigation of the anti-wear characteristics of palm oil methyl ester using a four-ball tribometer test

Cited by 104 publications

References 10 publications

Lubrication properties of trimethylolpropane esters based on palm oil and palm kernel oils

Lubrication properties of trimethylolpropane esters based on palm oil and palm kernel oils

Chemically Modifying Vegetable Oils to Prepare Green Lubricants

Exhaust emission characteristics of various types of biofuels

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