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The paper describes the methods of extraction of biologically active agents of berry raw materials. The purpose of the study was to select the parameters of phytocomponents extraction during ultrasonic treatment of berry raw materials. The batch method of maceration using water-ethanol extractants was studied. The raw material was irradiated with Volna-M ultrasonic device. The kinetics of extracting phenolic compounds from fresh black currant berries (Ribes nigrum L.) was studied. Physical-chemical and microbiological indicators were determined using standard methods. Composition and quantitative content of flavonoids and tanning agents in extracts were determined by colorimetric and high performance liquid chromatography techniques. Mathematical statistics and analysis were used in data processing. The diffusion properties of extracts were calculated in a computer program. The experiments were performed in five-fold repetition, and the data were analyzed to determine their validity in application packages. It was found that the duration of extraction during ultrasonic treatment is reduced by an average of 60 times, while increasing the yield of extractive substances. The obtained kinetic dependencies of diffusion characteristics of the raw material reveal that more complete extraction of flavonoid compounds takes place with water-ethanol extractants (40% wt.) at irrigation module 1 to 15 and 1 to 20. The analysis of physical and chemical composition of solutions showed high content of biologically active substances. The extract is recommended as components of functional products.
The paper describes the methods of extraction of biologically active agents of berry raw materials. The purpose of the study was to select the parameters of phytocomponents extraction during ultrasonic treatment of berry raw materials. The batch method of maceration using water-ethanol extractants was studied. The raw material was irradiated with Volna-M ultrasonic device. The kinetics of extracting phenolic compounds from fresh black currant berries (Ribes nigrum L.) was studied. Physical-chemical and microbiological indicators were determined using standard methods. Composition and quantitative content of flavonoids and tanning agents in extracts were determined by colorimetric and high performance liquid chromatography techniques. Mathematical statistics and analysis were used in data processing. The diffusion properties of extracts were calculated in a computer program. The experiments were performed in five-fold repetition, and the data were analyzed to determine their validity in application packages. It was found that the duration of extraction during ultrasonic treatment is reduced by an average of 60 times, while increasing the yield of extractive substances. The obtained kinetic dependencies of diffusion characteristics of the raw material reveal that more complete extraction of flavonoid compounds takes place with water-ethanol extractants (40% wt.) at irrigation module 1 to 15 and 1 to 20. The analysis of physical and chemical composition of solutions showed high content of biologically active substances. The extract is recommended as components of functional products.
The paper presents the optical characteristics of extracts obtained from marc berries of the heather family - lingonberries, cranberries, blueberries and blueberries. To obtain extracts, the berries were pressed by electromechanical method. From the obtained marc berries, water extracts were obtained in a microwave oven with a power of 800 W and a generation frequency of 2450 MHz for different exposure modes from 288 W to 800 W. Hydraulic module 1:10. The duration of the microwave heating 60 seconds. Controls were extracts obtained using hot water and infusion for 10 minutes. The optical characteristics of the juices and extracts from the marc berries were measured spectrophotometrically in the wavelength range of 410-630 nm. The maximum values of the optical spectra were recorded at D520, regardless of the berries used. An increase in the power of the microwave effect led to an increase in the optical values of the spectra of the extracts: bilberry > blueberry> lingonberry> cranberry. The optical characteristics of microwave extracts reached control values when exposed to 464 W for bilberries and blueberries, 648 W for lingonberries and 800 W for cranberries, which affected the color intensity and color coordinates, but did not significantly affect the shade, with the exception of bilberries. The color coordinates of bilberry extracts were closest to the color coordinates of the juices, the hue was more intense than in the juices, but was within the limits characteristic of the formation of color under the influence of anthocyanins. Bilberry extracts had a higher color intensity than blueberry extracts, but smaller shade values. Optical characteristics of berry extracts can be used to optimize the hydronic module and extraction modes.
Резюме: В статье изложены результаты исследования способов повышения сохранности полифенольных соединений в составе мясного продукта в интересах расширения ассортимента и повышения эффективности функциональных продуктов питания. Изучены показатели качества экстракта сухого из выжимок ягод брусники (ЭСВБ), произрастающей в регионах Забайкалья. Установлено, что сухой экстракт, полученный из выжимок ягод, характеризовался массовой долей влаги 4,52 % и кислотностью 5,6 %, имел бордовый цвет, кисло-сладкий терпкий вкус и аромат, характерный для брусники, а также сыпучую консистенцию. Исследованиями установлено высокое суммарное содержание антиоксидантов в ЭСВБ-382,5 мг/г. При введении 0,2 % ЭСВБ в рецептуру мясного бифштекса суммарное содержание антиоксидантов после термической обработки в готовом продукте снижалось на 18,7 %. Для повышения уровня сохранности и эффективности антиоксидантов в готовых к употреблению продуктах были использованы такие способы увеличения биодоступности, как сорбирование и капсулирование биологически активных веществ ЭСВБ. Для сорбирования полифенолов ЭСВБ была разработана субпродуктовая паста на основе говяжьих рубца, легких и диафрагмы. Матрицей служили коллагеновые белки соединительной ткани субпродуктов, имеющие высокую сорбционную способность, к тому же тонкое измельчение субпродуктов до гомогенной консистенции обеспечивало хорошие условия для иммобилизации полифенолов. Результаты показали, что данный способ позволил снизить потери антиоксидантов до 7,4 %. Далее была рассмотрена возможность использования инкапсулированной формы ЭСВБ. Были разработаны липосомальные формы экстракта, растворенного в буферном растворе и воде. В качестве липосомообразующего агента использовали соевый лецитин. Полученные данные показали, что введение липосомальной формы растительных полифенолов способствовало большей сохранности антиоксидантов. Так, при растворении экстракта сухого из выжимок ягод брусники в воде потери антоксидантов составили 5,3 %, а при растворении в буферном растворе-всего 3,4 %.
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