Investigation of the associative network in schizophrenia using the semantic priming paradigm

Chapin, Karen; Vann, Laura; Lycaki, Helene; Josef, Norma C.; Meyendorff, Elaine

doi:10.1016/0920-9964(89)90027-3

Cited by 57 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Despite some intriguing findings Barch et al, 1996;Chapin et al, 1989Chapin et al, , 1992Goldberg et al, 1998;Henik et al, 1992;Kwapil et al, 1990;Manschreck et al, 1988;Ober et al, 1995Ober et al, , 1997Spitzer et al, 1993aSpitzer et al, , 1993bSpitzer et al, , 1994Vinogradov et al, 1992;Volz et al, 1994), the role of semantic memory abnormalities in the numerous cognitive abnormalities observed in schizophrenia, particularly in language processing, is still unclear. And yet, the consequences of semantic memory processing dysfunction are far reaching indeed: perception, episodic memory, language comprehension and production, reality monitoring, and problem-solving skills can all be seriously affected by abnormal processes in the semantic memory system.…”

Section: Spreading Activation Network Models Of Cognition In the Studmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…642 6 85 605 6 92 99 6 n.a. Henik et al, 1995 (pooled data 24001840 ms SOA; raw RT data not given) Chapin et al, 1989 (RT data only in figure; no accuracy data) Chapin et al, 1992 (RT data only in figure, log-transformed; accuracy data only in figure) Barch et al, 1996 Medicated: 200 ms SOA 750.9 6 164.4 730.7 6 150.6 .99 6 n.a. 546.0 6 72.9 532.2 6 62.8 .99 6 n.a.…”

Section: Evidence For Normal Automatic Information Processing In the mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chapin et al (1989) assessed semantic priming in 12 schizophrenia inpatients, 12 inpatients with psychotic depression, and 12 normal controls using the LDT with an SOA of 0 ms and a 50% relatedness proportion. The semantic priming effect was significant within each group; however, this effect was not compared directly between groups.…”

Section: Evidence For Normal Automatic Information Processing In the mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semantic priming in schizophrenia: A review and synthesis

Minzenberg

Ober

Vinogradov

2002

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

132

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In this paper, we present a review of semantic priming experiments in schizophrenia. Semantic priming paradigms show utility in assessing the role of deficits in semantic memory network access in the pathology of schizophrenia. The studies are placed in the context of current models of information processing. In this review we include all English-language reports (from peer-reviewed journals) of single-word semantic priming studies involving participants with schizophrenia. The studies to date show schizophrenic patients to exhibit variable semantic priming effects under automatic processing conditions, and consistent impairments under controlled0attentional conditions. We also describe associations with other neurocognitive dysfunction, neurochemical and electrophysiological disturbances, and clinical manifestations (such as thought disorder).

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Section: Spreading Activation Network Models Of Cognition In the Studmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence For Normal Automatic Information Processing In the mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence For Normal Automatic Information Processing In the mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semantic priming in schizophrenia: A review and synthesis

Minzenberg

Ober

Vinogradov

2002

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

132

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“…Vinogradov et al (1992) and Henik, Priel, and Umansky (1992) both found that schizophrenic participants displayed less semantic priming at short SOAs in an LD paradigm when compared with normal participants. In addition, several other studies have found no differences between schizophrenic and normal participants in semantic priming (Vinogradov et al, 1992, using WP;Ober, Vinogradov, & Shenaut, 1995, using both WP and LD;andChapin, McCown, Vann, Kenney, &Youssef, 1992, andChapin, Vann, Lycaki, Josef, &Meyendorff, 1989, using LD).…”

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confidence: 99%

Semantic priming in schizophrenia: An examination of spreading activation using word pronunciation and multiple SOAs.

Barch¹,

Cohen²,

Servan-Schreiber³

et al. 1996

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

162

152

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Semantic priming in word pronunciation was examined at 5 stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) in 75 medicated and 25 unmedicated people with schizophrenia (SCZ) and in 10 depressed and 28 normal controls. At SOAs <950 ms, SCZ displayed priming similar to that of normal and depressed controls. At the 950-ms SOA, SCZ displayed less priming than controls. Medication dosage, but not conceptual disorganization scoreS, was positively associated with priming at SOAs <950 ms. These results suggest that prior reports of enhanced priming in schizophrenia may have been confounded by methodological problems and that automatic priming processes operate normally in SCZ. The failure of SCZ to display significant priming at the 950-ms SOA is consistent with a hypothesized disturbance in higher level processes.

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“…The hypothesis of dysfunction in automatic activation within semantic networks assumes that the initial activation is faster acting and/or spreads too far, which results in loose associations and derailed thinking (17)(18)(19)(20). The hypothesis of disturbed controlled processes assumes that semantic dysfunction manifests itself later, when the processes of integrating a prior semantic context come into play (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). This inability to maintain the prior context or task-relevant information could produce speech marked by loose and bizarre associations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Semantic Dysfunction in Women With Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Niznikiewicz¹,

Shenton²,

Voglmaier³

et al. 2002

AJP

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Objective-This study examined whether early or late processes in semantic networks were abnormal in women with a diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder. The N400 component of the EEG event-related potentials was used as a probe of semantic processes.Method-Word pairs were presented with short and long stimulus-onset asynchronies to investigate, respectively, early and late semantic processes in 16 women with schizotypal personality disorder and 15 normal female comparison subjects. Event-related potentials were recorded in response to the last words in a pair.Results-With the short stimulus-onset asynchrony, the N400 amplitude was less negative in the schizotypal personality disorder group than in the normal comparison group. No group differences were found with the long stimulus-onset asynchrony.Conclusions-The finding of a less negative than normal N400 amplitude with the short stimulusonset asynchrony in women with schizotypal personality disorder supports the hypothesis that persons with this disorder evince an overactivation of semantic networks. The absence of group differences with the long stimulus-onset asynchrony, which is primarily sensitive to processes involved in context integration, suggests that in this group of schizotypal personality disorder subjects, additional demands on working memory may be necessary to bring out the semantic dysfunction.Language dysfunction in schizophrenia has been regarded a cardinal symptom of this disorder for almost a century (1). Clinical reports abound with examples of speech samples characterized by loose associations, lack of sensitivity to context, defective use of pronouns (2-4), or the inability to carry on a conversation bound by a theme (5). More recently, it has been proposed that language abnormalities in schizophrenia are mediated by dysfunctional processes in semantic memory. Specifically, it has been suggested that processes of activation and/or context utilization may be abnormal.Although several studies have investigated semantic processes in schizophrenia, few studies have evaluated schizotypal personality disorder. Persons with a diagnosis of either schizotypal personality disorder or schizophrenia share the same genetic diathesis (6,7). However, persons with schizotypal personality disorder do not have the potentially confounding history of psychosis or hospitalization. Furthermore, studies of cognitive functions in subjects with NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript schizotypal personality disorder have reported impairments similar to but less severe than those observed in schizophrenic subjects (8-11).Semantic memory can be thought of in terms of its structure and the processes that operate on it. Recent formulations postulate that the structure of semantic memory is instantiated by a network of semantic features, such that words close in meaning, such as "water," "fish," and "ocean," are well connected with each other, and words of distant meanings, such as "water," "pen," and "free," are not w...

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Investigation of the associative network in schizophrenia using the semantic priming paradigm

Cited by 57 publications

References 13 publications

Semantic priming in schizophrenia: A review and synthesis

Semantic priming in schizophrenia: A review and synthesis

Semantic priming in schizophrenia: An examination of spreading activation using word pronunciation and multiple SOAs.

Semantic Dysfunction in Women With Schizotypal Personality Disorder

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