Investigation of the Capture of Magnetic Particles From High-Viscosity Fluids Using Permanent Magnets

Garraud, Alexandra; Velez, Camilo; Shah, Yash; Garraud, Nicolas; Kozissnik, Bettina; Yarmola, Elena G.; Allen, Kyle D.; Dobson, Jon; Arnold, David P.

doi:10.1109/tbme.2015.2458783

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…An increase in viscosity resulted in a decrease in particle translation through the fluid in a given amount of time. These data agree with the simulations presented previously, which predicted that an increase in viscosity would result in a decrease in particle collection in a given amount of time (Garraud et al 2016). Additionally, the percentage of magnetic particles collected in pure water (viscosity = 0.9 mPa∙s) was nearly 100%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, in the presence of an external magnetic field, particles become magnetized and experience a translational force toward the magnetic field source due to the field gradient. Our prior work predicts changes in magnetic particle collection rates in glycerol as a function of viscosity and time (Garraud et al 2016). While our prior work assumes the fluid is Newtonian, it is reasonable that an empirical relationship can still be constructed that differentiates non-Newtonian synovial fluids at various degrees of degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the first study, magnetic particle translation is examined in glycerol:water solutions to confirm the predictions of Garraud et al 2016. In the second study, changes in magnetic particle translation due to synovial fluid breakdown are examined using bovine synovial fluid degenerated via serial ultrasonication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic particle translation as a surrogate measure for synovial fluid mechanics

Shah

Maldonado-Camargo

Patel

et al. 2017

Journal of Biomechanics

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The mechanics of synovial fluid vary with disease progression, but are difficult to quantify quickly in a clinical setting due to small sample volumes. In this study, a novel technique to measure synovial fluid mechanics using magnetic nanoparticles is introduced. Briefly, microspheres embedded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, termed magnetic particles, are distributed through a 100 μL synovial fluid sample. Then, a permanent magnet inside a protective sheath is inserted into the synovial fluid sample. Magnetic particles translate toward the permanent magnet and the percentage of magnetic particles collected by the magnet in a given time can be related to synovial fluid viscosity. To validate this relationship, magnetic particle translation was demonstrated in three phases. First, magnetic particle translation was assessed in glycerol solutions with known viscosities, demonstrating that as fluid viscosity increased, magnetic particle translation decreased. Next, the relationship between magnetic particle translation and synovial fluid viscosity was assessed using bovine synovial fluid that was progressively degenerated via ultrasonication. Here, particle collection in a given amount of time increased as fluid degenerated, demonstrating that the relationship between particle collection and fluid mechanics holds in non-Newtonian synovial fluid. Finally, magnetic particle translation was used to assess differences between healthy and OA affected joints in equine synovial fluid. Here, particle collection in a given time was higher in OA joints relative to healthy horses (p<0.001). Combined, these data demonstrate potential viability of magnetic particle translation in a clinical setting to evaluate synovial fluid mechanics in limited volumes of synovial fluid sample.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic particle translation as a surrogate measure for synovial fluid mechanics

Shah

Maldonado-Camargo

Patel

et al. 2017

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…Thus far, numerous in silico studies are available with complete descriptions on the magnetization process of isotropic permanent magnets [16] and the nanoparticle magnetic manipulation using either permanent magnets [10] or a combination of permanent and electromagnets [1]. These studies failed however to show the statistical robustness and experimental validity of their models.…”

Section: Permanent Magnets To Enablementioning

confidence: 99%

Permanent Magnets to Enable Highly-Targeted Drug Delivery Applications: A Computational and Experimental Study

Mercado-M

Cruz

2017

VII Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering CLAIB 2016, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia, October 26th -28th, 2016

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Abstract-Nanoparticle-based therapies have gained considerable attention over the past few years as potential candidates for the development of robust treatments for degenerative conditions such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's. A major challenge to increase the specificity of such therapies is the limited control over their fate and transport upon administration. An avenue to overcome this issue is to immobilize the therapeutic molecules on magnetically responsive nanostructures. This allows a direct control via magnetic fields generated through either permanent or electromagnets. Permanent magnets offer technical and economic advantages over electromagnets but their spatial disposition needs to be dynamically adjusted to assure proper magnetic gradient directionality. The engineering of such a dynamic system requires a detailed understanding of the impact of changing the number and relative positions of magnets in close proximity to the particles, which can be tedious to achieve experimentally. Alternatively, electromagnetic modeling and simulation provides a rather expedite route to explore multiple configurations. Here we evaluate, against experimental data, the robustness of electromagnetic models incorporated in the software COMSOL® to predict field gradients and intensities. We tested two of the incorporated meshing approaches in a single magnet and an array of two magnets. Our findings indicate that the two approaches fitted the experimental data as evidenced by the statistical significance of various correlation indexes.

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“…To address these challenges, our group developed a magnetic nanoparticle-based technology to collect biomarkers from synovial fluid, termed magnetic capture [8,9]. Previously, magnetic capture was demonstrated through in vitro tests and a proof-of-concept study in the rat monoiodoacetate (MIA) model [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing intra-articular CTXII levels assessed via magnetic capture or lavage in a rat knee osteoarthritis model

Yarmola

Shah

Kloefkorn

et al. 2017

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage

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Objective Parallel measures of OA pathogenesis across species can help researchers evaluate OA models relative to the human condition. Toward this need, our group recently developed a magnetic nanoparticle-based technology, termed magnetic capture, to analyze biomarkers within a rat knee. The objectives of this study were two-fold: 1) directly compare magnetic capture to lavage, and 2) assess CTXII levels in the rat medial meniscus transection (MMT) model of knee OA. Design MMT surgery was performed in 30 male Lewis rats (3 months, 250 g). Using either lavage or magnetic capture, CTXII was assessed in the OA-affected and contralateral knee at 1 week (n=6 per group) or 4 weeks (n=8 per group) after surgery. Results While lavage detected elevated CTXII concentrations in the OA-affected knee at 1 week (p=0.002), magnetic capture detected elevated CTXII levels in the OA-affected knee at 4 weeks (p=0.016). While magnetic capture did not detect significant elevation of CTXII at week 1, five of the six rats evaluated with magnetic capture had higher CTXII levels in the OA-affected joint relative to the contralateral limb. Moreover, with magnetic capture, CTXII levels increased from 1 week to 4 weeks, corresponding to histological damage. CTXII concentrations evaluated via lavage were relatively constant across timepoints. Conclusions Magnetic capture and lavage evaluate CTXII in different ways: Magnetic capture measures total CTXII in the joint, while lavage measures CTXII concentration. Our data indicate that magnetic capture may be advantageous at later time points, where CTXII concentrations can be diluted by OA-associated effusions.

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Investigation of the Capture of Magnetic Particles From High-Viscosity Fluids Using Permanent Magnets

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Magnetic particle translation as a surrogate measure for synovial fluid mechanics

Magnetic particle translation as a surrogate measure for synovial fluid mechanics

Permanent Magnets to Enable Highly-Targeted Drug Delivery Applications: A Computational and Experimental Study

Comparing intra-articular CTXII levels assessed via magnetic capture or lavage in a rat knee osteoarthritis model

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