Vibration diagnostics in the most effective non-destructive method for testing technical condition of rotor machines. A widely used diagnostic indicator of gear defects is the intensity of the n-dimensional vector from a series of tooth harmonics. For planetary gearboxes of aircraft engines, the higher harmonics intensity is often commensurate with the vibration noise intensity, which reduces the effectiveness of its application. On the example of the tooth flank wear in NK-12 engine differential gearbox, we have demonstrated the possibility of diagnosing this defect based on the intensity of tooth subharmonics.