The study of the gas occurrence mechanism in a microscale
coal
matrix is the basis of coalbed methane (CBM) reservoir formation mechanism
analysis and its exploration and development scheme design, which
has important scientific and engineering significance. Currently,
many researchers are focusing on a specific coal type to explore the
macroscopic adsorption characteristics of gas occurrence. However,
the research on the microscale gas–solid coupling mechanism
is relatively rare and the electrical control mechanism of gas occurrence
is not reported in detail. This study focuses on the electrical mechanism
of microscale gas occurrence using physical simulation experiments
and molecular dynamics analysis. This study clarifies the “gas
adsorption–electrical properties–functional group”
linkage mechanism and explores the macroscopic performance of the
microscale gas occurrence mechanism using electrical properties. The
study reveals the following: (1) the coal reservoirs exhibit a weak
negative potential at the nanoscale, and the trends of surface potential
(SP) and surface electrical charging density (SECD) are fluctuated
with the degree of coal rank increases; (2) there is a good correlation
between the SP, SECD values, and the relative content of functional
groups; and (3) the charge density on the coal’s microscopic
surface influences their gas molecule attraction capacity, affecting
the gas adsorption capacity of coal reservoirs at the macroscale.
This study presents a theoretical foundation for establishing the
molecular force field superposition mechanism of gas occurrence in
microscale coal matrix and has broad application prospects in the
macroscale numerical simulation of CBM development.